Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| All participants (n = 822) | Male participants (n = 500) | Female participants (n = 332) | Statistical comparison of male and female participants | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 64.7 (15.0) | 63.9 (14.2) | 65.8 (16.2) | P = 0.07 |
| Sex | 39.2% | – | – | — |
| Unfavourable outcome (mRS > 2) | 27.7% | 22.8% | 35.4% | P = 0.0001 |
| Normalized DWI-derived stroke lesion volume (ml, median, interquartile range) | 3.3 (0–12.8) | 2.9 (0–11.3) | 3.8 (0–17.8) | P = 0.28 |
| Hypertension | 64.1% | 63.0% | 65.9% | P = 0.41 |
| Diabetes mellitus Type 2 | 21.8% | 23.0% | 19.9% | P = 0.30 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 16.8% | 14.6% | 20.2% | P = 0.04 |
| Coronary artery disease | 18.4% | 21.8% | 13.0% | P = 0.002 |
| Smoking | 55.0% | 61.0% | 45.7% | P < 0.0001 |
| Prior stroke | 9.7% | 9.4% | 10.2% | P = 0.72 |
Mean values and standard deviation, unless otherwise noted. Characteristics of men and women were compared either via two-sample t-tests or two-sided Fisher’s exact tests as appropriate. Significantly more women than men experienced unfavourable outcomes obtained ∼3 months post-stroke (women: 35.4% versus men: 22.8%). In view of this difference in our main outcome, we performed additional downsampling analyses, in which we repeatedly contrasted samples of male and female patients with the same ratios of favourable to unfavourable outcomes.