Table 2. Comparison of clinical features between high and low-balance group.

Values are presented as number only, mean ± standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range).

ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; PPPD, pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; HPD, hepaticopancreaticoduodene ctomy; AoV, ampulla of Vater; POPF, postoperative pancreatic fistula; DGE, delayed gastric emptying; PPH, postpancreatic hemorrhage.

^a)Including rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and gout. ^b)Including metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer, and gallbladder cancer.

^*P < 0.05.