Table 3. Comparison of clinical features between patients with POPF and without POPF.

Values are presented as number only, mean ± standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range).

POPF, postoperative pancreatic fistula; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; PPPD, pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; HPD, hepaticopancreaticoduodenectomy; AoV, ampulla of Vater; POD, postoperative day.

^a)Including rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and gout. ^b)Including metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer, and gallbladder cancer.

^*P < 0.05.