Figure 1.

Identification of specific lncRNAs related to liver metastasis in serum EVs of patients with LUAD

After serum EVs were isolated from LUAD patients with or without liver metastasis (three vs. three), EVs samples were detected using TEM and NTA, and the marker proteins TSG101 and CD63 were detected by western blotting. The level of tubulin was used as an internal control. The representative pictures are shown in (A–C). EVs samples underwent transcriptome sequencing, and statistically significant DEGs were identified and are shown in a volcano plot (D) and heatmap (E). The top three lncRNAs in EVs samples were identified, and real-time RT-PCR was used to evaluate their differential expression in EVs of LUAD patients accompanying or without liver metastasis (ten versus ten), of which the one with the highest overexpression was named ALAHM (F). Bar graphs represent ratios plotted as mean ± SD of three separate experiments. Compared with the control group, ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001.