Table 4.

The 6G applications security challenges and the basic security requirements.

6G Application	Security Challenges	Security Requirements
UAV based mobility	High altitude and High mobility Limited energy Diversity of devices Terrorist attacks Physical tampering	Diversity of devices Real-time operations with reduced operational cost High scalability End to End security system design
Telepresence holography	Limited resources Limited energy End to end security system design	High privacy Real-time operation Preventing terrorist attacks
Extended reality	Lack of security standards Physical tampering attacks Limited resources	Edge security Lightweight privacy Real-time operation
Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAV)	High mobility Physical attacks Privacy challenges Lightweight end to end security Diversity of devices Dynamic security solutions	Lightweight authentication Ultra-Privacy-preserving Proactive security Real-time resistance against attacks Low computation and communication
Industry 5.0	Denial of Service Smart Security Smart Factory Supply chain and Extended Systems	Ultra-High privacy Proactive security Lightweight security Confidential information and intellectual property
Smart grid 2.0	Smart grid attacks Aggregation of data Translation between protocols Physical equipment attacks Exploitation	Scalable IoT security and heterogeneity Zero-touch security High privacy Reduced cost Maintaining access
Artificial intelligence in health care	Novel approaches for dynamic security Diversity of devices Trustworthiness Visibility Ethical and legal aspects Extensibility and viability Controlled security tasks	Diversity of devices High privacy Zero-touch security Edge security Domain-specific security
Digital twins	Security of physical model Security of digital model Diversity of devices Privacy-preserving High mobility Isolated security systems	High bandwidth Ultra-privacy Lightweight security Scalability Dynamic security systems Robustness
Wireless brain–computer interactions	Structure design Physical attacks Privacy challenges End to end security systems	Confidentiality Availability Safety Integrity
Distributed ledger applications	Double-spending Majority vulnerability Scalability Quantum computing Transaction privacy leakage	Preventing privacy leakage Preventing double-spending attack