| Algorithm 1: GWO pseudo-code. | |
| 1. | Randomly initialize the grey wolves’ population. |
| 2. | Initialize , , and . |
| 3. | Calculate the objective values for each search agent and select , , and . |
| 4. | Update the position of the current search agent. |
| 5. | Update , , and |
| 6. | Calculate the objective values of all search agents by applying Equation (10). |
| 7. | Update the positions , , and . |
| 8. | Check the termination criterion and make iterations repeated. |