Table 5.
Study characteristics where the analyzed distance is >1000 m over multiple runs.
| Ref. | Author | Year | Location | Surface | Speed | Distance/Duration | Type | Number (Sex) | Overall Age | Metric(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [210] | Ahamed, et al. | 2019 | Outdoor | Not Controlled | not controlled | 29 km | Rec. | 11 (10 F, 1 M) | Mean: 44.1; SD: 9.1 | Joint ROM, Seg. Rot., COM Disp., COM Δv |
| [211] | Ahamed, et al. | 2018 | Outdoor | Pavement | not controlled | ≥24 km | Rec. | 6 (5 F, 1 M) | Mean: 44.4; NR | Seg. Rot., COM Disp., COM Δv |
| [212] | Ahamed, et al. | 2019 | Outdoor | Not Controlled | not controlled | 7 runs | Rec. | 35 (25 F, 10 M) | Mean: 49.7; SD: 9.6 | Joint ROM, Seg. Rot., COM Disp., COM Δv |
| [213] | Benson, et al. | 2019 | Outdoor | Not Controlled | not controlled | 10 runs | Rec. | 12 (9 F, 3 M) | Mean: 48.5; SD: 12.0 | Joint ROM, Seg. Rot., COM Disp., COM Δv |
| [214] | Carton-Llorente, et al. | 2021 | Indoor | Treadmill | submaximal | 120 min | Rec. | 22 (0 F, 22 M) | Mean: 34; SD: 7.5 | Power |
| [215] | Cerezuela-Espejo, et al. | 2020 | Indoor | Treadmill | 2.78 m/s | 24 min | Rec. | 12 (0 F, 12 M) | Mean: 25.7; SD: 7.9 | Power |
| [216] | Colapietro, et al. | 2020 | Outdoor | Track | slow, fast | 3200 m | Rec. | 18 (10 F, 8 M) | Mean: 22.7; SD: 4.7 | VT, AP, Joint ROM, Joint ω |
| [217] | Gregory, et al. | 2019 | Outdoor | Track | hard | 1600 m | Non | 12 (6 F, 6 M) | Mean: 22.0; SD: 1.9 | VT, AP, Joint ROM, Joint ω |
| [218] | Hollander, et al. | 2021 | Indoor | Treadmill | 70% VO2max | 105 min | Non | 41 (20 F, 21 M) | Mean: 25.2; SD: 3.1 | Stability |
| [219] | Hollis, et al. | 2019 | Outdoor | Grass | moderate, hard | 3200 m | Rec. | 15 (8 F, 7 M) | Mean: 20; SD: 3.1 | VT, AP, Joint ROM, Joint ω |
| Outdoor | Track | moderate, hard | 3200 m | |||||||
| [220] | Kiernan, et al. | 2018 | Outdoor | Not Controlled | not controlled | 60 day training period | Comp. | 9 (0 F, 9 M) | Mean: 18.7; SD: 1.0 | VT |
| [221] | Koldenhoven, et al. | 2020 | Outdoor | Not Controlled | not controlled | 3 runs | Rec. | 16 (8 F, 8 M) | Mean: 23.5; SD: 5 | AP, Res., Seg. Rot., Seg. Rot. Velocity |
| [116] | Macdermid, et al. | 2017 | Indoor | Treadmill | 2.83 m/s | 30 min | Comp. | 6 (NS) | Mean: 29.8; SD: 13.0 | Loading Rate, Shock-time, COM Disp. |
| [222] | McGregor, et al. | 2009 | Indoor | Treadmill | incremental from 0.56 m/s | 2 runs to exhaustion | Comp. | 7 (0 F, 7 M) | Mean: 26.5; SD: 5.7 | VT, AP, ML, Res. |
| Non | 7 (NS) | |||||||||
| [223] | Nüesch, et al. | 2019 | Indoor | Treadmill | self-selected | 15 min | Rec. | 19 (11 F, 8 M) | Mean: 27.7; SD: 8.6 | Joint ROM |
| [224] | Olcina, et al. | 2019 | NR | Track | maximal | 24 min | Comp. | 10 (2 F, 8 M) | Mean: 25.7; SD: 8.9 | COM Disp. |
| Outdoor | Trail | not controlled | 4.1 km | |||||||
| [225] | Rochat, et al. | 2019 | Outdoor | Trail | not controlled | 15 km | Rec. | 9 (0 F, 9 M) | Mean: 37.8; SD: 7 | VT, COM Disp. |
| [226] | Ruder, et al. | 2019 | Outdoor | Pavement | not controlled | 42.2 km | Rec. | 222 (103 F, 119 M) | Mean: 44.1; SD: 10.8 | VT |
| [227] | Ryan, et al. | 2021 | Outdoor | Not Controlled | not controlled | 10–12 runs | Rec. | 12 (0 F, 12 M) | NR; Range: 14–18 | Res. |
| [228] | Strohrmann, et al. | 2012 | Indoor | Treadmill | 85% of maximal | 45 min | Rec. | 21 (NS) | NR | Res., Joint ω, Seg. Rot., COM Disp. |
| Outdoor | Track | 85% of maximal | 45 min | |||||||
| [209] | Ueberschar, et al. | 2019 | Outdoor | Pavement | 3.64 and 6.67 m/s | 10.7 km | Comp. | 2 (0 F, 2 M) | Mean: 17.6; SD: 1.13 | VT |
| [229] | Van den Berghe, et al. | 2020 | Indoor | Track | 3.2 m/s | 24.5 min | Rec. | 10 (5 F, 5 M) | Mean: 33; SD: 9 | VT |
| [230] | Vanwanseele, et al. | 2020 | Indoor | Treadmill | 2.22, 3.33, and 4.44 m/s | 3 min | Rec. | 68 (NS) | Mean: 29.5; SD: 8.1 | VT, AP, ML |
| Outdoor | Not Controlled | not controlled | 3 month training period | |||||||
| [231] | Willis, et al. | 2019 | Indoor | Treadmill | 2.50, 2.78, 3.61, and 4.17 m/s | 10 min | Comp. | 12 (NS) | Mean: 33.6; SD: 4.3 | Stiffness |
Note: NR = not reported; Pavement = pavement or sidewalk; Floor = floor or platform; Rec. = recreational; Comp. = competitive; Non = non-runners; Disp. = displacement; Δv = change in velocity; Sym. or Reg. = symmetry or regularity; Res. = resultant magnitude; VT = vertical/axial magnitude; AP = anterior–posterior magnitude; ML = medial–lateral magnitude; Seg. Rot. = segment rotation; Shock—time = shock attenuation—time domain; Shock—frequency = shock attenuation—frequency domain; Joint ROM = joint angles or range of motion; Joint ω = joint angular velocity; Freq. = frequency content.