AFC	Alkaline fuel cell
Au–NT–G	Gold nanoparticles–multi-walled carbon nanotube–graphene nanoribbon
BCN	Boron carbon nitride
BPDA	4,4′-biphenyl dicarboxaldehyde
CAs	Carbon aerogels
CB	Carbon black
CF–PVA–PANI	Carbon felt–polyvinyl alcohol–polyaniline
CFE	Carbon fiber electrode
CV	Cyclic voltammetry
DMFC	Direct methanol fuel cell
ECSA	Electrochemical surface area
EIS	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
EOR	Ethanol electro oxidation
FQDs	Fullerene quantum dots
FFA	Furfuraldehyde
GR	Graphene
HMTA	Hexamethylenetetramine
HER	Hydrogen evolution reaction
LSV	Linear sweep voltammetry
LDH	Layered double hydroxide
MFC	Microbial fuel cell
MCFC	Molten carbonate fuel cell
MEA	Membrane electrode assembly
MCA	Macroporous carbon aerogel
NAF	Nafion
Ni/NCA	Nitrogen doped carbon aerogel modified nickel
NF	Nickel foam
OCV	Open circuit voltage
ORR	Oxygen reduction reaction
PyrC60	Fullerene–pyrolidine
PAFC	Phosphoric acid fuel cell
PEMFCs	Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells
PtNPs	Platinum nanoparticles
PtNWs	Platinum nanowires
PVA	Polyvinyl alcohol
POSS-NH2	Octa-aminophenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane
RF	Resorcinol–formaldehyde
RCT	Charge-transfer resistance
rGO	Reduced graphene oxide
Sfu	Sulfonated fullerene
SOFC	Solid-oxide fuel cell
SPEEK	Sulfonated polyether ether ketone
SSA	Specific surface area
SWCNT	Single-walled carbon nanotube
TEA	Triethylamine
TEM	Transmission electron microscopy