Table 3.
Regression estimates of the public health Initiative and under-5 mortality rates
| All regions | East | Central | West | |
| Panel A: China Healthy Cities | ||||
| Time trend | 0.39*** (0.03) | 0.17*** (0.02) | 0.06 (0.10) | 0.53*** (0.13) |
| Policy | −0.06 (0.15) | −0.10 (0.12) | −0.61 (0.59) | 0.74 (0.72) |
| Policy×time trend | −0.13*** (0.03) | −0.02 (0.03) | −0.03 (0.12) | −0.79*** (0.15) |
| Constant | −16.56*** (0.13) | −19.87*** (0.11) | 2.32*** (0.52) | 29.75*** (0.63) |
| 5-year effect | −0.72*** (0.24) | −0.18 (0.19) | −0.76 (0.93) | −3.22*** (1.14) |
| 10-year effect | −1.38*** (0.37) | −0.26 (0.30) | −0.92 (1.45) | −7.18*** (1.79) |
| Observations | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 |
| First-step N | 645 | 268 | 216 | 161 |
| First-step N*T | 10 965 | 4556 | 3672 | 2737 |
| Panel B: China Healthy Counties | ||||
| Time trend | 0.40*** (0.08) | 0.28** (0.12) | −0.02 (0.05) | 0.74*** (0.14) |
| Policy | 0.94* (0.48) | 1.45** (0.66) | 0.45 (0.32) | −0.30 (0.82) |
| Policy×time trend | −0.44*** (0.10) | −0.65*** (0.14) | 0.05 (0.07) | −0.38** (0.17) |
| Constant | −45.53*** (0.40) | −42.30*** (0.57) | 10.21*** (0.25) | −1.53** (0.70) |
| 5-year effect | −1.27 (0.73) | −1.80 (1.04) | 0.73 (0.46) | −2.20 (1.27) |
| 8-year effect | −2.59** (0.97) | −3.75** (1.39) | 0.89 (0.62) | −3.34* (1.69) |
| Observations | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 |
| First-step N | 1631 | 365 | 477 | 789 |
| First-step N*T | 27 727 | 6205 | 8109 | 13 413 |
Data are regression estimates (95% CI) from the second step of our two-step econometric approach. Separate analyses for China Healthy Cities and China Healthy Counties. Estimates from subgroup analyses by region were also reported. First-step N represents the number of cities/counties included in the first step regression analysis (equation 1). First-step N*T represents the number of city/county-year observations included in the first step regression analysis (equation 1).
*P<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.