Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients by Lactobacillus concentration.
| Characteristics | Total
n = 254 |
Low
(≤ 3.6 copies/g) n = 55 |
Medium
(3.6−7.1 copies/g) n = 69 |
High
(> 7.1 copies/g) n = 130 |
P-value |
| Data are presented as means ± SD or n (%). *Presented as median (interquartile range). | |||||
| Age, yrs | 65.90 ± 11.56 | 64.11 ± 11.83 | 67.20 ± 12.31 | 65.97 ± 11.02 | 0.338 |
| Male | 152 (59.84%) | 39 (70.92%) | 38 (55.07%) | 75 (57.69%) | 0.157 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.52 (24.09−26.61)* | 25.66 (24.15−26.53)* | 25.35 (24.10−26.55)* | 25.49 (23.93−26.71)* | 0.937 |
| Smoker | 130 (51.18%) | 31 (56.36%) | 34 (49.28%) | 65 (50.00%) | 0.682 |
| Hypertension | 169 (66.54%) | 38 (69.09%) | 44 (63.77%) | 87 (66.92%) | 0.816 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 75 (29.53%) | 15 (27.27%) | 22 (31.88%) | 38 (29.23%) | 0.850 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 51.00 (44.00−58.00)* | 48.00 (42.00−56.00)* | 50.00 (43.50−57.00)* | 55.00 (45.00−59.00)* | 0.007 |
| Disease types | 0.003 | ||||
| ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction | 192 (75.59%) | 49 (89.09%) | 56 (81.16%) | 87 (66.92%) | |
| Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction | 62 (24.41%) | 6 (10.91%) | 13 (18.84%) | 43 (33.08%) | |
| Laboratory examination | |||||
| White blood cells, × 109/L | 9.06 (6.97−11.55)* | 10.80 (8.23−14.08)* | 9.06 (7.13−11.00)* | 8.33 (6.38−10.32)* | 0.001 |
| Neutrophils, × 109/L | 6.67 (4.51−9.04)* | 8.48 (5.98−11.25)* | 6.79 (4.54−8.62)* | 6.03 (4.12−8.13)* | < 0.001 |
| Platelets, × 109/L | 207.00 (177.00−252.50)* | 216.00 (182.00−259.00)* | 200.00 (164.50−240.00)* | 210.50 (178.00−255.25)* | 0.202 |
| Mean platelet volume, fl | 10.50 (9.98−11.20)* | 10.50 (10.00−11.20)* | 10.60 (9.95−11.25)* | 10.40 (9.90−11.10)* | 0.819 |
| Platelet distribution width, fl | 12.10 (10.98−13.50)* | 12.00 (11.10−13.70)* | 12.30 (11.10−13.60)* | 12.10 (10.70−13.40)* | 0.613 |
| Platelet hematocrit, % | 0.22 (0.19−0.26)* | 0.23 (0.19−0.27)* | 0.21 (0.18−0.26)* | 0.23 (0.19−0.26)* | 0.264 |
| Creatine kinase, U/L | 522.5 (107.50−1772.00)* | 1004.00 (216.00−2630.00)* | 779.00 (130.00−2303.00)* | 362.50 (77.25−1256.75)* | 0.002 |
| Creatine kinase-MB, U/L | 55.5 (18.00−168.75)* | 101.00 (36.00−249.00)* | 80.00 (19.50−214.00)* | 43.00 (15.00−130.50)* | < 0.001 |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, mg/L | 4.40 (1.61−13.86)* | 5.57 (1.68−33.78)* | 5.44 (2.41−17.77)* | 3.59 (1.12−9.66)* | 0.019 |
| Lipoprotein(a), nmol/L | 35.60 (12.63−80.90)* | 22.90 (9.70−80.90)* | 35.70 (14.70−101.20)* | 37.60 (13.90−76.68)* | 0.359 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.42 (3.76−5.14)* | 4.59 (3.52−5.21)* | 4.20 (3.35−4.88)* | 4.45 (3.94−5.23)* | 0.030 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.42 (1.09−2.00)* | 1.54 (1.14−2.15)* | 1.25 (0.99−1.73)* | 1.48 (1.11−2.04)* | 0.157 |
| Apolipoprotein A, g/L | 1.18 (1.02−1.34)* | 1.15 (1.05−1.32)* | 1.18 (0.10−1.30)* | 1.19 (1.02−1.38)* | 0.370 |
| Apolipoprotein B, g/L | 1.04 (0.84−1.25)* | 1.06 (0.80−1.29)* | 0.95 (0.79−1.15)* | 1.09 (0.90−1.37)* | 0.023 |
| High-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 1.06 (0.85−1.29)* | 1.04 (0.87−1.23)* | 1.04 (0.84−1.24)* | 1.09 (0.85−1.34)* | 0.655 |
| Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 2.96 (2.22−3.67)* | 2.98 (2.14−3.77)* | 2.78 (2.05−3.41)* | 3.08 (2.46−3.67)* | 0.093 |
| D-dimer, ug/mL | 0.41 (0.28−0.69)* | 0.47 (0.23−0.89)* | 0.54 (0.32−0.84)* | 0.40 (0.28−0.60)* | 0.281 |
| TroponinT, ng/mL | 1.46 (0.07−5.63)* | 2.61 (0.78−7.98)* | 1.74 (0.09−7.54)* | 1.02 (0.02−4.09)* | 0.003 |
| Brain natriuretic peptide, pg/mL | 830.25 (243.55−2360.75)* | 1129.50 (669.68−3212.25)* | 820.3 (338.13−3334.75)* | 498.2 (167.25−1692.50)* | 0.012 |
| Interventional therapy | |||||
| Door-to-balloon time, min | 75.50 (55.00−129.25)* | 65.00 (49.00−103.00)* | 79.00 (60.50−129.50)* | 79.00 (58.75−132.75)* | 0.110 |
| SYNTAX score | 33.75 (23.38−37.00)* | 36.5 (25.00−40.00)* | 35.00 (29.75−38.00)* | 32.00 (15.88−34.50)* | < 0.001 |
| Target vessel | 0.739 | ||||
| Left main artery | 8 (3.15%) | 1 (1.82%) | 2 (2.90%) | 5 (3.85%) | |
| Left anterior descending artery | 106 (41.73%) | 28 (50.91%) | 26 (37.68%) | 52 (40.00%) | |
| Left circumflex artery | 37 (14.57%) | 7 (12.73%) | 9 (13.04%) | 21 (16.15%) | |
| Right coronary artery | 103 (40.55%) | 19 (34.54%) | 32 (46.38%) | 52 (40.00%) | |
| Postoperative medication | |||||
| Aspirin | 254 (100%) | 55 (100%) | 69 (100%) | 130 (100%) | 1.000 |
| P2Y12 inhibitor | 252 (99.21%) | 54 (98.18%) | 69 (100%) | 129 (99.23%) | 0.523 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/
Angiotensin II receptor blockers |
218 (85.83%) | 49 (89.00%) | 61 (88.41%) | 108 (83.08%) | 0.434 |
| Statins | 254 (100%) | 55 (100%) | 69 (100%) | 130 (100%) | 1.000 |
| Beta-blocker | 232 (91.33%) | 50 (90.91%) | 64 (92.75%) | 118 (90.77%) | 0.887 |