Table 4. A cross section of composite particles of drugs prepared using PGSS process.

API and excipients	Strategy	Result highlight (s)	Ref
Curcumin, tristearin, soyphosphatidyl-holine, DMSO	Curcumin embedded solid lipid particles were developed via PGSS with less quantity of organic solvent.	The use of helium in the process of PGSS, for designing of lipid mixture exhibited improvement in the biopharmaceutical properties and therapeutic value of curcumin.	[62]
S-(+)-ibuprofen, Poloxamers, Gelucire, Glyceryl monostearate(GMS)	PGSS was employed for the enhancement of solubility of (+)-ibuprofen using hydrophilic or hydrophobic carrier.	Spherical and porous particles (50-200 μm) with 90% encapsulation efficiency were produced. The solubility of ibuprofen was significantly enhanced with poloxamer in the gastro-intestinal fluids; gelucire and GMS did not enhance the solubility of ibuprofen.	[63]
Ketoprofen, Glyceryl monooleate (GMO), Gelucire 43/01™, Geleol™ and Gelucire 50/13™	For production of structured lipid carriers a liquid glycerolipid (GMO), was incorporated into three solid glycerolipids with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance ranging from 1 to 13 and compared with solid lipid particles.	Irregular porous microparticles with a wide particle size distribution were obtained. The drug loading capacity of the structured lipid carriers increased as the GMO content in the particles increased, achieving a maximum encapsulation efficiency of 97% for the 3:1 mass ratio. The structured lipid carriers presented an immediate release of ketoprofen from its matrix with higher permeation through a mucous-membrane model, while solid lipid particles presented controlled release of the drug with less permeation capacity.	[64]
Quercetin, soybean, lecithin, and pluronic L64	To modify bioavailability of quercetin through microencapsulation	More homogenous lyophilized less crystalline encapsulated quercetin particles were reported with enhanced bioavailability	[65]
β-carotene, poly-(ε-caprolactone)	β- carotene was encapsulated in poly- caprolactones, and precipitated out using PGSS process.	Small, regular, uniform, microencapsulated β-carotene particles in the size range of 100 –600 μm were obtained, that demonstrated enhanced solubility.	[66]
1,3-diphenyl-2-propenone (chalcone)	Microparticles of chalcone alone and with lipid carriers were developed via PGSS and the solubility was analyzed.	The lipid carriers influenced the solubility of trans-chalcone in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, without addition of enzymes.	[67]
Omega-3 PUFA-rich salmon oil and astaxanthin	Microparticles of omega-3 PUFA-rich salmon oil in PEG-6000 were developed through PGSS concept.	Developed microparticles showed significant thermogravimetric stability up to 350 °C. Moreover, in vitro release of oil in fluids stimulating gastric conditions was faster than in distilled water.	[68]