SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of ParC and ParE. Proteins at various purification steps were electrophoresed in an SDS–12.5% polyacrylamide gel and stained with Coomassie brilliant blue. Lanes 1, soluble extracts from uninduced cells; lanes 2, soluble extracts from IPTG-induced cells, lanes 3, affinity-purified MBP-ParC or MBP-ParE protein; lanes 4, factor Xa digest of MBP-ParC or MBP-ParE.