TABLE 1.

Demographic criteria and COVID-19 symptoms of the studied groups.

	Controls (n = 147)		Disease severity						Effect size (CI 95%)	p Value
			Mild (no = 116)		Moderate (n = 128)		Severe (n = 55)
	No	%	No	%	No	%	No	%
Age (y) $\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ ±SD	45.7 ± 14.7		41.9 ± 15.0		50.2 ± 16.6		58.0 ± 14.7		0.17 (0.10–0.24)	<0.001
Sex
Male	75	51.0	47	40.5	74	57.8	31	56.4	0.13 (0.06–0.23)	0.044
Female	72	49.0	69	59.5	54	42.2	24	43.6
Occupation
Risky	26	17.7	42	36.2	49	38.3	37	67.3	0.32 (0.24–0.42)	<0.001
Not risky	121	82.3	174	63.8	79	61.7	18	32.7
Co-morbidity
Hypertension	-	-	9	7.8	43	33.6	28	50.9	0.36 (0.28–0.46)	<0.001
Diabetes Mellitus			15	12.9	30	23.4	15	27.3	0.15 (0.05–0.26)	0.015
Heart disease			6	5.2	21	16.4	11	20.0	0.19 (0.10–0.28)	0.002
Bronchial asthma			4	3.4	7	5.5	10	18.2	0.21 (0.08–0.36)	0.001
Symptoms
Fever	-	-	73	62.9	116	90.6	51	92.7	0.35 (0.24–0.46)	<0.001
Cough			95	81.9	100	78.1	53	96.4	0.18 (0.11–0.26)	0.070
Sore throat			38	32.8	30	23.4	17	30.9	0.09 (0.03–0.22)	0.520
Muscle ache			22	19.0	80	62.5	36	65.5	0.43 (0.33–0.53)	<0.001
Headache			31	26.7	79	61.7	44	80.0	0.42 (0.31–0.51)	<0.001
Dyspnea			5	4.3	67	52.3	40	93.0	0.57 (0.48–0.64)	<0.001
Diarrhea			12	10.3	16	12.5	17	30.9	0.21 (0.09–0.34)	0.002
Loss of taste			47	40.5	40	31.3	9	16.4	0.18 (0.09–0.29)	0.022
Loss of smell			69	59.6	51	39.8	25	45.5	0.18 (0.08–0.30)	0.002

Data were presented as $\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ ± SD or no, %. Linear-by-Linear Association (LLA) test for trend results was applied for qualitative data. Cramér’s V was used to estimate the effect size following Linear-by-Linear Association.