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. 2021 Aug 25;2:705276. doi: 10.3389/fpain.2021.705276

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Copyright © 2021 Mungoven, Henderson and Meylakh.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Peripheral changes associated with migraine. (A) CGRP released from peripheral terminals onto receptors act on smooth muscle cells leading to potent vasodilation of meningeal arteries, subsequent neurogenic inflammation, activation of meningeal nociceptors and peripheral sensitization; (B) Secreted CGRP from the trigeminal ganglion interacts with adjacent CGRP receptors on satellite glia resulting in prolonged sensitization; (C) Alterations in trigeminal nerve volume and free water diffusivity evident in episodic migraineurs compared to healthy controls may also be associated with chronic migraine. Modified from (68).