TABLE 4.
MeSH terms enriched in the genes that showed differential expression accompanied by altered DNA methylation in male (A) and female (B) offspring in the TiO2-H group.
| A | |||
| ID | MeSH term | Enrichment factor | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| D060850 | LIM-Homeodomain Proteins | 8.73 | <0.001 |
| D019070 | Cell Lineage | 6.21 | <0.001 |
| D051792 | Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors | 4.98 | 0.001 |
| D015534 | Trans-Activators | 4.90 | 0.004 |
| D013234 | Stem Cells | 4.83 | 0.002 |
| D012097 | Repressor Proteins | 4.30 | 0.003 |
| D018398 | Homeodomain Proteins | 4.19 | <0.001 |
| D009024 | Morphogenesis | 3.32 | 0.018 |
| D018507 | Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental | 3.13 | <0.001 |
| D009419 | Nerve Tissue Proteins | 3.09 | 0.013 |
| D017403 | In Situ Hybridization | 3.07 | 0.005 |
| D004622 | Embryo, Mammalian | 3.01 | 0.003 |
| D014157 | Transcription Factors | 2.76 | 0.009 |
| B | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ID | MeSH term | Enrichment factor | p-value |
| D014566 | Urogenital System | 15.60 | <0.001 |
| D029961 | Zebrafish Proteins | 13.00 | <0.001 |
| D014212 | Tretinoin | 11.10 | <0.001 |
| D001755 | Blastocyst | 11.00 | <0.001 |
| D010641 | Phenotype | 9.50 | <0.001 |
| D011518 | Proto-Oncogene Proteins | 8.10 | <0.001 |
| D011401 | Promoter Regions, Genetic | 8.00 | <0.001 |
| D004475 | Ectoderm | 7.50 | 0.001 |
| D051176 | beta Catenin | 7.20 | 0.001 |
| D005801 | Genes, Homeobox | 6.80 | <0.001 |
| D038081 | Organogenesis | 6.70 | <0.001 |
| D009432 | Neural Crest | 6.40 | 0.001 |
| D012249 | Rhombencephalon | 6.10 | 0.001 |
| D051153 | Wnt Proteins | 5.80 | <0.001 |
| D008648 | Mesoderm | 5.80 | <0.001 |
| D019521 | Body Patterning | 5.30 | <0.001 |
| D019070 | Cell Lineage | 5.20 | 0.001 |
| D004268 | DNA-Binding Proteins | 5.00 | <0.001 |
| D013234 | Stem Cells | 4.70 | 0.001 |
| D053823 | Hedgehog Proteins | 4.70 | 0.002 |
| D009024 | Morphogenesis | 4.40 | <0.001 |
| D014157 | Transcription Factors | 4.30 | <0.001 |
| D017403 | In Situ Hybridization | 4.20 | <0.001 |
| D009687 | Nuclear Proteins | 4.20 | 0.003 |
| D018507 | Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental | 3.90 | <0.001 |
| D004622 | Embryo, Mammalian | 3.90 | <0.001 |
| D018398 | Homeodomain Proteins | 3.90 | <0.001 |
| D015398 | Signal Transduction | 3.60 | 0.002 |
| D002454 | Cell Differentiation | 3.50 | 0.004 |
| D002874 | Chromosome Mapping | 3.00 | 0.010 |
| D009419 | Nerve Tissue Proteins | 2.60 | 0.030 |
The enrichment factor for each category was defined as described in Materials and Methods. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test with hypergeometric distribution and the level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.