Table 2.
Per-puff emissions of components from the e-cigarettes and air/method blank.
| Aerosol constituent | Unit | LOD | LOQ | Air/method blank | ePen2 18 BT | ePen3 18 BT | ePen3 MB 12 Low BA | ePen3 MB 18 Medium BA | ePen3 MB 30 High BA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||
| Carbon monoxide | μg/puff | 10.50 | 34.99 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| ACM, water, and nicotine | |||||||||||||||
| Water | μg/puff | 3.83 | 12.75 | BDL | BDL | 1,014 | 144.0 | 1,090 | 36.00 | 1,068 | 82.00 | 1,058 | 32.00 | 1,104 | 78.00 |
| Nicotine | μg/puff | 0.13 | 0.45 | BDL | BDL | 39.60 | 5.20 | 149.0 | 35.40 | 130.8 | 20.60 | 168.4 | 11.40 | 256.0 | 50.00 |
| ACM | μg/puff | 7.14 | 23.70 | BDL | BDL | 3,583 | 756 | 8,838 | 250 | 8,692 | 529.2 | 8,758 | 277.3 | 8,818 | 819.4 |
| Triacetin, humectants, menthol | |||||||||||||||
| Propylene glycol | μg/puff | 0.24 | 0.80 | NQ | NQ | 690.0 | 150.0 | 3,760 | 140.0 | 3,880 | 240.0 | 3,860 | 100.0 | 3,980 | 380.0 |
| Menthol | μg/puff | 0.24 | 0.81 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Diethylene glycol | μg/puff | 0.24 | 0.80 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Triacetin | μg/puff | 0.24 | 0.80 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Glycerol | μg/puff | 1.44 | 4.80 | NQ | NQ | 1,676 | 392.0 | 2,960 | 200.0 | 3,120 | 220.0 | 2,900 | 120.0 | 2,780 | 320.0 |
| Pad ethylene glycol | μg/puff | 0.05 | 0.17 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | 0.32 | 0.30 | BDL | BDL | 0.30 | 0.26 |
| Impinger ethylene glycol | μg/puff | 0.05 | 0.17 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Pad glycidol | μg/puff | 0.11 | 0.36 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Impinger glycidol | μg/puff | 0.11 | 0.36 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| PAHs | |||||||||||||||
| Naphthalene | pg/puff | 10.07 | 33.56 | 56.40 | 11.00 | 90.40 | 13.00 | 85.20 | 8.80 | 97.20 | 20.80 | 81.00 | 8.00 | 87.00 | 4.40 |
| 1-Methylnaphthalene | pg/puff | 6.07 | 20.24 | 52.60 | 16.20 | 62.00 | 14.00 | 65.20 | 14.20 | 73.20 | 29.60 | 52.40 | 10.80 | 49.20 | 8.20 |
| 2-Methylnaphthalene | pg/puff | 4.55 | 15.18 | 64.60 | 19.60 | 68.00 | 12.60 | 72.80 | 18.40 | 90.40 | 24.80 | 66.60 | 6.80 | 67.20 | 7.60 |
| Acenaphthylene | pg/puff | 4.55 | 15.18 | 23.80 | 6.40 | 28.80 | 9.00 | 24.00 | 4.60 | 19.48 | 2.94 | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ |
| Acenaphthene | pg/puff | 9.60 | 32.00 | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ |
| Fluorene | pg/puff | 4.72 | 15.72 | 42.20 | 10.00 | 44.20 | 7.00 | 50.20 | 9.20 | 52.40 | 13.00 | 41.20 | 10.60 | 38.00 | 4.40 |
| Phenanthrene | pg/puff | 3.58 | 11.94 | 262.0 | 20.00 | 262.0 | 18.00 | 286.0 | 28.00 | 274.0 | 34.00 | 260.0 | 18.00 | 256.0 | 16.00 |
| Anthracene | pg/puff | 4.63 | 15.43 | 18.12 | 3.50 | 23.80 | 4.00 | 26.20 | 4.60 | 20.60 | 3.00 | 24.00 | 4.80 | NQ | NQ |
| Fluoranthene | pg/puff | 3.94 | 13.13 | 102.4 | 13.40 | 102.4 | 13.00 | 110.8 | 15.20 | 102.8 | 19.80 | 94.20 | 13.80 | 91.20 | 16.00 |
| Pyrene | pg/puff | 9.43 | 31.44 | 282.0 | 42.00 | 290.0 | 50.00 | 280.0 | 60.00 | 252.0 | 54.00 | 236.0 | 40.00 | 244.0 | 48.00 |
| Benzo(a)anthracene | pg/puff | 7.30 | 24.35 | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Chrysene | pg/puff | 4.68 | 15.58 | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ |
| Benzo(b)fluoranthene | pg/puff | 16.90 | 56.34 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Benzo(k)fluoranthene | pg/puff | 11.86 | 39.52 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Benzo(e)pyrene | pg/puff | 6.96 | 23.19 | BDL | BDL | NQ | NQ | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | NQ | NQ |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | pg/puff | 10.63 | 35.42 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Perylene | pg/puff | 11.36 | 37.86 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | pg/puff | 10.12 | 33.73 | BDL | BDL | NQ | NQ | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Dibenz(a,h)anthracene | pg/puff | 12.39 | 41.31 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Benzo(g,h,i)perylene | pg/puff | 10.12 | 33.73 | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | BDL | BDL | NQ | NQ |
| Benzo(c)phenanthrene | pg/puff | 5.38 | 17.92 | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ |
| Cyclopenta(c,d)pyrene | pg/puff | 8.11 | 27.03 | NQ | NQ | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Benzo(j)aceanthrylene | pg/puff | 10.37 | 34.56 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Volatiles | |||||||||||||||
| 1,3-Butadiene | ng/puff | 5.70 | 19.01 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Isoprene | ng/puff | 8.12 | 27.06 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Acrylonitrile | ng/puff | 6.40 | 21.34 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Benzene | ng/puff | 3.41 | 11.37 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Toluene | ng/puff | 12.23 | 40.78 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Ethylbenzene | ng/puff | 2.88 | 9.61 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Ethylene oxide | ng/puff | 7.18 | 23.98 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Vinyl chloride | pg/puff | 131.5 | 438.3 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Propylene oxide | ng/puff | 3.12 | 10.40 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Furan | ng/puff | 5.63 | 18.75 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Vinyl acetate | ng/puff | 2.19 | 7.29 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Nitromethane | ng/puff | 1.70 | 5.66 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Tobacco-specific nitrosamines | |||||||||||||||
| NNN | pg/puff | 9.85 | 32.82 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| NAT | pg/puff | 19.51 | 65.04 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| NAB | pg/puff | 5.36 | 17.85 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| NNK | pg/puff | 15.05 | 50.18 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Carbonyls | |||||||||||||||
| Formaldehyde | ng/puff | 5.49 | 18.30 | NQ | NQ | 268.0 | 148.0 | 52.80 | 10.80 | 179.0 | 244.6 | 109.4 | 25.60 | 123.3 | 17.83 |
| Acetaldehyde | ng/puff | 9.95 | 33.17 | NQ | NQ | 230.0 | 134.0 | NQ | NQ | 100.6 | 169.6 | NQ | NQ | 34.12 | 7.30 |
| Acetone | ng/puff | 6.31 | 21.03 | 88.60 | 26.80 | 135.8 | 36.60 | 111.0 | 17.00 | 140.8 | 10.80 | 176.8 | 25.40 | 170.3 | 19.44 |
| Propionaldehyde | ng/puff | 4.84 | 16.13 | NQ | NQ | 96.20 | 71.00 | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ |
| Acrolein | ng/puff | 9.28 | 30.92 | BDL | BDL | 346.0 | 200.0 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ |
| Isobutyraldehyde | ng/puff | 1.65 | 5.51 | NQ | NQ | 164.0 | 35.20 | 506.0 | 78.00 | BDL | BDL | 5.66 | 10.82 | BDL | BDL |
| Methyl Ethyl Ketone | ng/puff | 5.13 | 17.09 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| 3-Buten-2-one | ng/puff | 6.21 | 20.70 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| n-Butyraldehyde | ng/puff | 3.51 | 11.71 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Crotonaldehyde | ng/puff | 6.23 | 20.75 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Glycolaldehyde | ng/puff | 7.45 | 24.84 | BDL | BDL | 60.20 | 39.20 | NQ | NQ | 35.20 | 22.00 | 33.20 | 6.80 | BDL | BDL |
| Acetoin | ng/puff | 6.73 | 22.43 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Glyoxal | ng/puff | 2.52 | 8.40 | BDL | BDL | 18.76 | 9.54 | NQ | NQ | 45.20 | 86.60 | 14.78 | 7.36 | 38.33 | 7.59 |
| Methylglyoxal | ng/puff | 1.54 | 5.12 | BDL | BDL | 73.20 | 34.20 | 36.40 | 11.60 | 135.0 | 163.4 | 83.40 | 19.20 | 145.9 | 20.47 |
| 2,3-Butanedione | ng/puff | 1.74 | 5.80 | BDL | BDL | NQ | NQ | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| 2,3-Pentanedione | ng/puff | 3.51 | 11.71 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| 2,3-Hexanedione | ng/puff | 3.81 | 12.71 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| 2,3-Heptanedione | ng/puff | 4.68 | 15.61 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Phenolic compounds | |||||||||||||||
| Hydroquinone | ng/puff | 12.44 | 41.47 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Resorcinol | ng/puff | 3.29 | 10.98 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Catechol | ng/puff | 5.14 | 17.13 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Phenol | ng/puff | 5.15 | 17.17 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| p-Cresol | ng/puff | 2.06 | 6.86 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| m-Cresol | ng/puff | 1.13 | 3.77 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| o-Cresol | ng/puff | 1.54 | 5.15 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Aromatic flavourants | |||||||||||||||
| Methyl acetate | ng/puff | 72.00 | 240.00 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Ethyl acetate | ng/puff | 60.00 | 200.00 | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ | NQ |
| 1-Butanol | ng/puff | 60.00 | 200.00 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Isobutyl acetate | ng/puff | 60.00 | 200.00 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Furfural | ng/puff | 84.00 | 280.00 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Isoamyl acetate | ng/puff | 96.00 | 320.00 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Benzyl acetate | ng/puff | 60.00 | 200.00 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Ethyl acetoacetate | ng/puff | 4.80 | 16.00 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Acids | |||||||||||||||
| Acetic acid | ng/puff | 284.00 | 946.00 | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
| Propionic acid | ng/puff | 36.00 | 120.00 | BDL | BDL | 154.81 | 14.60 | NQ | NQ | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL | BDL |
ACM, aerosol collected matter; BDL, below detection limit; LOD, limit of detection; LOQ, limit of quantification; NAB, nitrosoanabasine; NAT, nitrosoanatabine; NNK, 4-N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone; NNN, nitrosonornicotine; NQ, not quantified; PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. BT, Blended Tobacco, MB, MasterBlend.