. 2021 Aug 2;28(1):56–62. doi: 10.5761/atcs.oa.21-00048

Table 3. Epidemiology of ischemic/SMR.

	Population	Investigation period	Etiology	Frequency among MR patients	Frequency among MV surgeries	Rate of repair	In-hospital mortality
Cohort study
Euro Heart Survey⁷⁾	92 centers, 5001 adults with VHD ≥ moderate	2001	IMR	64/877 (7.3%)
Euro Heart Survey II⁸⁾	222 centers, 7724 patients with severe VHD	2017	SMR	368/1114 (32.5%)	87/358 (24.3%)	32/87 (36.8%); transcatheter 28/87 (32.2%)	11/368 (3.0%), post- intervention 4/82 (4.9%)
			IMR	190/1114 (17.1%)
European registry (EuMiClip)⁹⁾	19 centers, 63463 patients, MR ≥ moderate	Published in 2018	SMR	1010/3309 (30.5%)
			IMR	519/3309 (15.7%)
Mayo Clinic & Rochester Epidemiology Project¹⁰,¹¹⁾	1294 isolated MR ≥ moderate	2000–2010	SMR	723/1294 (56%)		Rate of surgery 34/723 (5%)
HF registry in 4 Italian centers¹²⁾	1256 HF with ischemic or non-ischemic DCM	Published in 2011	SMR	Mild-to-moderate 49%, severe 24%			5-year survival 30% for IMR
Nationwide surgical database
GB and Ireland national database¹³⁾	8219 MV surgeries for MR	2004–2008	IMR		1079/8219 (13.1%)	811/1079 (75.2%)
French national database¹⁴⁾	18167 MV surgeries, 56 centers	2014–2016	SMR		2935/18147 (16.2%)	1141/2935 (38.9%)	229/2935 (7.8%), isolated MVP 10/463 (2.2%), isolated MVR 69/968 (7.1%)
JATS annual report¹⁶⁾	11517 isolated MV surgeries	2017	MR after MI		295/11517 (2.6%)		Overall 9.8%
STS adult cardiac surgery database¹⁵⁾	87214 isolated MV surgeries, 1125 centers	2011.7–2016.9	IMR		785/60185 (1.3%)	58.20%

DCM: dilated cardiomyopathy; HF: heart failure; IMR: ischemic mitral regurgitation; JATS: Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery; MR: mitral regurgitation; MV: mitral valve; MVP: mitral valvuloplasty; MVR: mitral valve replacement; SMR: secondary mitral regurgitation; STS: Society of Thoracic Surgeons; VHD: valvular heart disease