TABLE 4.

Transcriptional regulation and their mode of action in vegetable crops for salt stress tolerance.

S. No.	Transcription Factor/Gene/Protein	Vegetable	Functional aspects	References
1.	JUNGBRUNNEN1 (JUB1), a NAC transcription factor	Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)	Overexpression of JUNGBRUNNEN1 (JUB1) increases salinity tolerance in tomato	Alshareef et al., 2019
2.	BZR/BES transcription factor	S. lycopersicum (tomato)	BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) and BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) homologs in have potential role in salt tolerance. SlBZR1D played positive role in salt stress tolerance	Jia et al., 2021
3.	Wild tomato WRKY1, WRKY3, and WRKY72	S. chilense (wild tomato)	Salinity stress tolerance	Kashyap et al., 2020
4.	Transgenic overexpression of tomato ERF84 in Arabidopsis	Arabidopsis thaliana	Salt and Drought	Li Q. L. et al., 2018
5.	Transgenic overexpression of tomato ERF1	S. lycopersicum	Salt Stress	Lu et al., 2011
6.	Microarray analysis for salt-tolerant genes in wild tomato uncovered putative 5ERFs in alleviating salt stress	S. pimpinellifolium	Salt stress tolerance	Yang et al., 2018
7.	ScbZIP and SlbZIP	S. chilense (wild tomato) and S. lycopersicum	Salinity stress tolerance	Zhu et al., 2018; Kashyap et al., 2020
8.	Tomato SRN1 (Solanum lycopersicum stress-related NAC1) plasma membrane-localized protein with transactivation activity in yeast	S. lycopersicum	Positively regulates defense response against biotic stress but negatively regulates abiotic stress response	Liu et al., 2014
9.	Tomato NAC35	S. lycopersicum	Induced by drought stress, salt stress, bacterial pathogen, and signaling molecules	Wang et al., 2016
10.	Tomato SlAREB1, a bZIP transcription factor, member of the ABA-responsive element binding protein (AREB)/ABA-responsive element binding factor (ABF) subfamily	S. lycopersicum	Salt stress and Drought stress tolerance	Orellana et al., 2010
11.	Tomato NAC4 and NAC35	S. lycopersicum	Salt, Drought tolerance Biotic stress	Zhu et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2016
12.	ZFP179, a salt responsive gene encoding a Cys2/His2 zinc finger protein	Oryza sativa	Overexpression of ZFP179 provided salt tolerance	Sun et al., 2010
13.	BnaABF2, a bZIP transcription factor	Brassica napus	Salt tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis	Zhao et al., 2016
14.	Chili NAC46	Capsicum annum	Salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis	Ma et al., 2021
15.	Tomato DREB2	S. lycopersicum and A. thaliana	Salt tolerance	Hichri et al., 2016
16.	Tomato ERF84, ERF5	S. lycopersicum	Positive regulation for Salt and drought tolerance; negative regulation for biotic stress	Pan et al., 2012; Li Q. L. et al., 2018
17.	Chenopodium WRKY	Chenopodium quinoa	Stress tolerance and development	Yue et al., 2019
18.	CsWRKY9, CsWRKY18, CsWRKY48 and CsWRKY57	Cucumis sativus	Heat and salt stress tolerance	Ling et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2020
19.	Radish WRKY	Raphanus sativus	Abiotic Stress tolerance	Karanja et al., 2017a
20.	Carrot WRKY20	Daucus carota	DcWRKY20 made interaction with DcMAPK1 and DcMAPK4 Abiotic and biotic stress tolerance	Li et al., 2016
21.	Tomato NAC1; NAC3	S. lycopersicum	Salt stress tolerance; NAC3 suppressed by salt stress	Yang et al., 2011; Han et al., 2012, 2014
22.	Illumina RNA-seq transcriptomic studies of root, stem and leaves in Chinese cabbage	Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis	Abiotic and biotic stress tolerance	Tang et al., 2014
23.	Carrot WRKYs in hormonal regulation and mechanical injuries	Daucus carota	Hormone and mechanical injuries	Nan and Gao, 2019
24.	Transcriptomic studies of sweet potato under salt stress	Ipomoea batatas	Salt stress tolerance	Qin et al., 2020
25.	Genome-wide identification and characterization of tomato WRKYs under drought, salt and biotic stress	S. lycopersicum	Drought, Salt, and Biotic stress	Huang et al., 2012
26.	Genome-wide identification and characterization of WRKYs in wild potato	S. commersonii and S. chacoense	ScWRKY045 as multiple stress-responsive regulator	Villano et al., 2020
27.	Identification of biotic-stress responsive WRKY from Brassica oleracea var. italica	B. oleracea var. italica	Increased expression of BoWRKy6 against biotic stress	Jiang et al., 2016
28.	Genome-wide characterization of potato WRKYs and expression analysis of potato 22 WRKYs under different stresses	S. tuberosum	Increased upregulation of StWRKY01 and StWRKY39 under different abiotic stresses. StWRKY58 had highest expression profile under drought and salt stress	Zhang et al., 2017
29.	Genome-wide identification and characterization of WRKYs in brinjal and Turkey berry	S. melongena L. S. torvum Sw.)	Biotic stress response	Yang et al., 2015
30	Tomato SR/CAMTA transcription factors SlSR1 and SlSR3L	S. lycopersicum	Negatively regulate disease resistance response and SlSR1L positively modulates drought stress tolerance	Li et al., 2014
31	Radish NAC145	Raphanus sativus	Salt, heat and drought stresses	Karanja et al., 2017b
32	Melon NAC14	Cucumis melo	Overexpression of CmNAC14 increased the sensitivity of transgenic Arabidopsis lines to salt stress	Wei et al., 2016
33.	Potato NAC proteins StNAC072 and StNAC101; StNAC2	S. tuberosum	StNAC072 and StNAC101 are orthologs of known stress-responsive Arabidopsis RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 26 (RD26) involved in abiotic stress tolerance; Overexpression of StNAC2 in transgenic potato increased salt tolerance	Singh et al., 2013; Xu et al., 2014
34.	Watermelon WRKY ClWRKYs	Citrullus lanatus	Growth, Development, Biotic and Abiotic stress response	Yang et al., 2018
35.	Wild turnip WRKY (BsWRKYs)	Brassica rapa	Biotic and abiotic stress response	Kayum et al., 2015
36.	BjABR1, an AP2/ERF superfamily gene, from tuber mustard	Brassica juncea var. tumida Tsen et Lee	Abscisic acid and abiotic stress responses	Xiang et al., 2018
37.	Arabidopsis NAC2	A. thaliana	Stress response and lateral root development	He et al., 2005
38.	Comparative transcriptome and proteome analysis of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes of sweet potato and expression profiling of IbNAC07	Ipomoea batatas	Salinity stress tolerance	Meng et al., 2020
39.	Genome wide characterization of WRKY genes in summer squash	Cucurbita pepo	Water and salt stress tolerance	Bankaji et al., 2019
40.	Genome-Wide Identification of AP2/ERF transcription Factors in cauliflower	Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis	Salt and drought stress tolerance	Li et al., 2017
41	Genome wide characterization of NAC family in celery and further transcriptomic characterization under salt stress AgNAC47 and AgNAC63 were key player	Apium graveolens	Heat, salinity, cold stress	Duan et al., 2020
42	Genome-wide characterization of homeobox-leucine zipper gene family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	S. lycopersicum	Functional analysis of SlHDZ34 (III sub-family member)under salinity stress revealed salt stress tolerance	Hong et al., 2021
43	SlMYB02, a R2R3-type MYB transcription factor	S. lycopersicum	Salt tolerance	Zhang et al., 2020
44.	CabZIP25	Capsicum annum	Salt tolerance	Gai et al., 2021
45.	Sweet potato bZIP IbbZIP1; IbABF4	A. thaliana	Transgenic overexpression of IbbZIP1 in Arabidopsis provided salt tolerance; IbABF4 imparted multiple stress tolerance	Wang et al., 2019
46.	Tomato bZIP transcription factor SlAREB	S. lycopersicum	Salt tolerance	Hsieh et al., 2010
47.	SlbZIP38 tomato bZIP transcription factor	S. lycopersicum	Negative regulator of drought and Salt Stress Tolerance	Pan et al., 2017
48.	SlbHLH22 a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factor in tomato	S. lycopersicum	Transgenic over expression imparted high tolerance to both salinity and drought	Waseem et al., 2019
49.	AtMYB20 Arabidopsis R2R3-MYB transcription factor	A. thaliana	Negatively regulated type 2C serine/threonine protein phosphatases to positively regulate salt tolerance	Xu et al., 2014
50.	SlMYB102, R2R3-type MYB gene	S. lycopersicum	Transgenic overexpression provided salt tolerance	Zhang et al., 2020