AGS KO astrocytes accumulate R-loops. (A) Slot blot analysis of genomic DNA extracted from WT, R−/−, and T−/− cells treated with the recombinant RNase H (RNH) enzyme for 2.5 h at 37°C and probed with S9.6 (top) and ssDNA (bottom) antibodies. Slot blot probed with the antibody recognizing ssDNA was used as a loading control. (Mean ± SEM; n = 3 independent experiments; two-tailed unpaired t test; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.) (B) Scheme of DRIP-qPCR experiment. (C) DRIP-qPCR ± RNH treatment for the indicated genes in WT, R −/−, and T−/− cells. Dashed line represents background signal. Data are expressed as percentage of input. (Mean ± SEM; n > 3 independent experiments; two-tailed unpaired t test; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.) Source data are available for this figure: SourceDataF5.