Figure 5:

Results from Experiment 2. Proportion of looks to proximal referents for L1 adults (n = 28), L1 children (n = 28), and L2 adults (n = 28) during proximal deictic sentences (blue) and distal deictic sentences (purple). Line shading represents one standard error from the mean, averaged by subjects. Vertical dashed lines indicate noun onset. Area shading indicates significant effects from cluster-based permutation analyses (ps < 0.05). Results indicate that L1 adults and L2 adults, but not L1 children, used deictic determiners to predict the proximity of the upcoming referent, as evidenced by anticipatory eye movements generated before the onset of the proximal or distal noun.