Figure 6.

The inhibition of Raf, MEK5/ERK5, MEK4, and the activation of AMPK do not protect primary neurons from hemin-induced neuronal ferroptosis. A, Primary neurons were exposed to vehicle or 100 μm hemin and different concentrations of the selective Raf inhibitor GW5074. B, The concentration-responses of BIX02189 (MEK5 inhibitor) and XMD17-109 (ERK5 inhibitor) in primary neurons exposed to hemin-induced ferroptosis. C, The concentration-responses of the MEK4 inhibitors in primary neurons exposed to hemin-induced ferroptosis. D, Concentration response for metformin (AMPK activator) in primary neurons exposed to hemin-induced ferroptosis. AMPK activation is shown by western blotting of the total and phospho-AMPK protein levels assessed in primary neurons exposed to vehicle or 5 mm metformin. The values represent the medians. For exact p values, refer to Extended Data Figure 6-1.