Table.

Sources of bacterial ancient DNA and examples of microorganisms and pathogens, which have been isolated and characterized

Sample	Pathogen
Bones	Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, Treponema pallidum
Teeth (pulp)	various pathogens transmitted through human blood
Teeth (tartar)	oral cavity microbiome bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, etc.)
Calcinated inclusions in lungs	M. tuberculosis
Mummified remains	various pathogens and commensal bacteria of human microbiome
Coprolites	source of human intestinal microbiota
Museum medical organ specimens embedded in paraffin	Bacillus anthracis, Vibrio cholerae, Variola virus (VARV)
Amber	Gram-negative proteobacterium Brevundimonas
Samples of fossil ice and permafrost	paleoviruses, e.g., Pithovirus sibericum