BMSCs can donate additional mitochondria to NPCs with mitochondrial dysfunction. (a, b) Representative confocal images and histogram analysis showing that CFSE+ NPCs pretreated with 0, 2 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM rot received mitochondria from neighboring MitoTracker Red+ NPCs and the mitochondrial transfer rate. (c, d) Representative confocal images and histogram showing that CFSE+ NPCs pretreated with 0, 2 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM rot received mitochondria from neighboring MitoTracker Red+ BMSCs and the mitochondrial transfer rate. Green arrowheads: NPCs; red arrowheads: BMSCs; white arrowheads: mitochondria. Scale bar, 20 μm. Means ± SD, n = 6. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001, ns: not significant vs. the control group. BMSCs: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; NPCs: nucleus pulposus cells; rot: rotenone.