Figure 1.

Deconstruction and bottom-up reconstruction of organotypic 3D tumor models by including key TME building blocks and hallmarks. The rationale built-up of such all-encompassing tumor surrogate models is envisioned to improve preclinical screening and to accelerate innovative therapeutics translation from the bench to the bedside. Abbreviations: Extracellular matrix (ECM), Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), Tumor microenvironment (TME), Static 3D In vitro models – Self-assembled and self-organized living microtumors.