Table 1.

Characteristics and quality assessment of included studies

S/N	Authors	Date	Country	Participant selection	Sample size	Type of health facility women used	Place of recruitment	Scale of study	Study design	CASP score (n/10)
1	Adinew, and Assefa	2017	Ethiopia	Purposive	16 KIIs and 8 FGDs	Unclear	Communities	Subnational	Qualitative	9
2	Afulani, Kurmbi and Lyndon	2017	Kenya	Purposive	8 FGDs	86% public facilities, 9% private/mission, 5% others	Communities	Subnational	Qualitative	8
3	Balde et al	2017	Guinea	Purposive	40 IDIs and 8 FGDs	Public	Communities	Local	Qualitative	9
4	Bohren et al	2016	Nigeria	Stratified purposive (quota sampling)	41 IDIs and 4 FGDs	Unclear	Communities	Local	Qualitative	10
5	Bohren et al	2017	Nigeria and Uganda	Purposive—maximum variation	132 IDIs and 21 FGDs	Mostly public	Communities	Multinational	Qualitative	8
6	D'ambruso, Abbey & Hussein	2005	Ghana	Opportunistic (participants of another study)	21 IDIs and 2 FGDs	Mostly public	Health facilities	Subnational	Qualitative	6
7	Dzomeku, van Wyk, and Lori	2017	Ghana	Purposive	56 IDIs	Public	Health facilities	Local	Qualitative	8
8	Kumbani et al	2012	Malawi	purposive	14 IDIs	Public	Health facility	Local	Qualitative	9
9	Madula et al	2018	Malawi	Systematic random sampling	6 hospitals in the three regions of Malawi	50% public 50% private	Health facilities	National	Qualitative	6
10	Maputle and Nolte	2008	South Africa	convenience	24 IDIs	Public	Health facility	Local	Qualitative	5
11	Maya et al	2018	Ghana	Purposive	41 IDIs, 10 FGDS	Mostly public	Communities	Local	Qualitative	9
12	McMahon et al	2014	Tanzania	Purposive	49 IDIs	unclear	Communities	Subnational	Qualitative	9
13	Mensah, Mogale and Ritcher	2014	Ghana	Purposive	9 IDIs	Military	Health facility	Local	Qualitative	6
14	Mukamurigo et al	2017	Rwanda	Second level following a cross sectional survey	17 IDIs	Public	Communities	Local	Qualitative	8
15	Muntenda, Nuuyoma and Stern	2017	Namibia	Purposive	3 FGDs	Public	Health facility	Local	Qualitative	7
16	Namujju et al	2018	Uganda	Purposive	12 IDIs and 2 FGDs	Public	Health facility	Local	Qualitative	8
17	Nwosu et al	2012	Nigeria	Unclear	8 FGDs	72.8% private facilities 15.6% public	Communities	Local	Mixed methods	4
18	Ojelade et al	2017	Nigeria	Stratified purposive (quota sampling)	42 IDIs and 10 FGDs	unclear	Communities	Local	Qualitative	9
19	Okonofua et al	2017	Nigeria	Unclear	40 FGDs	public	Health facilities	National	Qualitative	6
20	Okwako and Symon	2014	Kenya	Purposive	7 IDIs	Public	Health facility	Local	Qualitative	7
21	Orpin et al	2018	Nigeria	purposive	5 FGDs	Public	Health facilities	Local	Qualitative	8
22	Shimpuku et al	2013	Tanzania	Maximum variation	25 IDIs	Mission	Health facility	Local	Qualitative	6