Table 1.
Sociodemographic and perinatal covariates included in stratified analyses of dual burden of severe maternal morbidity and preterm birth, California 2007–2012
| Category | Measure | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||
| Age | BC | |
| Race/ethnicity (white non-Hispanic, Black non-Hispanic, Hispanic, Asian non-Hispanic, and other non-Hispanic) | BC | |
| Educational attainment (< 12 years, 12 years, > 12 years) | BC | |
| Level of country urbanity/ruralitya | BC | |
| Perinatal factors | ||
| Prenatal factors | Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), calculated from pre-pregnancy weight and height | BC |
| Adequacy of prenatal care (inadequate: received < 50% of expected visits, intermediate: received 50–79% of expected visits, adequate/adequate plus: received 80% of expected visits or more)b | BC | |
| Smoking status (ICD-9 649.0) | BC & PDD | |
| Pregnancy factors | Mode of birth (vaginal vs. cesarean) | BC |
| Gestation (singleton or multiple gestation) | BC | |
| Obstetric comorbidities | Preexisting hypertension without progression to preeclampsia (ICD-9 s 642.0 Benign essential hypertension; 642.1 Hypertension secondary to renal disease; 642.2 Other preexisting hypertension) | PDD |
| Preexisting hypertension with progression to preeclampsia (ICD-9 642.7 Preeclampsia or eclampsia superimposed on preexisting hypertension) | PDD | |
| Gestational hypertension without progression to preeclampsia (ICD-9 642.3 Transient hypertension of pregnancy) | PDD | |
| Gestational hypertension with progression to preeclampsia (ICD-9 642.4 Mild or unspecified preeclampsia, 642.5 Severe preeclampsia) | PDD | |
| Preexisting diabetes (ICD-9 648.0 Diabetes mellitus; 250 Diabetes mellitus) | PDD | |
| Gestational diabetes (ICD-9 648.8 Abnormal glucose tolerance complicating pregnancy) | PDD |
BC birth certificate, PDD patient discharge data
aFederal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) county codes (1–6)
bKotelchuck Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index (Harrison & Goldenberg, 2016); ICD-9: International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification