Nicotine pharmacokinetics and subjective effects during the use of a range of NPs were assessed and compared to those during the use of a combustible cigarette.

Nicotine delivery from the NPs was variable, and plasma nicotine concentrations appeared not to be related to the nicotine contents of the individual products, suggesting that physical properties of the NPs other than nicotine content are important for nicotine delivery.

Liking and intent-to-use-again scores were higher for the cigarette than for any NP and were lowest for the NP with the lowest nicotine content.

NPs can provide nicotine in amounts sufficient to replicate cigarette smokers' nicotine uptake following a switch from conventional cigarettes to these potentially less harmful products.