Table 2.

Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) comparing women by exposure status for fatal and nonfatal incident kidney disease within three, five, and up to fourteen years of delivery (the entire study period)

	Incident kidney disease
	Event	Event Rate *	HR (95% CI)†
Within 3 years of delivery
Neither pre-pregnancy HTN nor HDP	423	0.45		referent
Pre-pregnancy HTN	8	1.85	2.51	(1.18–5.33)
HDP	277	1.44	2.29	(1.95–2.70)
Both pre-pregnancy HTN and HDP	90	3.28	3.81	(2.96–4.92)
Within 5 years of delivery
Neither pre-pregnancy HTN nor HDP	754	0.48	referent
Pre-pregnancy HTN	10	1.39	1.73	(0.89–3.35)
HDP	458	1.43	2.14	(1.89–2.42)
Both pre-pregnancy HTN and HDP	138	3.02	3.26	(2.66–3.99)
Overall (within 14 years of delivery)
Neither pre-pregnancy HTN nor HDP	2,151	0.81		referent
Pre-pregnancy HTN	26	2.19	1.59	(1.07–2.36)
HDP	1,080	2.02	1.83	(1.69–1.98)
Both pre-pregnancy HTN and HDP	328	4.22	2.68	(2.36–3.04)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HDP, Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; HR, hazard ratio; HTN, hypertension.

^*Per 1,000 person-years.

^†Adjusted for sociodemographic (maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, rural/urban residence, income level, payer, Women, Infants, and Children [WIC]), behavioral (smoking during pregnancy), and clinical characteristics (pre-pregnancy BMI, change in BMI after delivery, gestational age at delivery, size for gestational age, mode of delivery, previous cesarean, adequacy of prenatal care based on the Revised-Graduated Prenatal Care Utilization Index [R-GINDEX], and pre-pregnancy or gestational diabetes).