Skip to main content
. 2022 Mar 11;12:4268. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08123-1

Table 3.

Concentration of four monocarbonyl and six α-dicarbonyl GDPs as well as total GDPs in PDFs in µM after 0 and 26 weeks of storage at 50 °C and 45% relative humidity.

Week 0 Week 26
Single-chamber bag Double-chamber bag Single-chamber bag Double-chamber bag
Formaldehyde 5.0 ± 0.2 n.q.a 17.7 ± 0.3 2.5 ± 0.1
Acetaldehyde 129.5 ± 5.9 2.2 ± 0.1 111.6 ± 2.7 1.5 ± 0.2
5-HMF 11.1 ± 0.6 22.5 ± 1.3 172.8 ± 4.6 121.6 ± 3.3
Furfural  ≤ 1.4 ± 0.1  ≤ 0.3 ± 0.01 n.a.b n.a
Glucosone 25.0 ± 2.7 1.6 ± 0.02 12.0 ± 0.6 6.1 ± 0.01
3-DG 171.1 ± 4.6 28.6 ± 1.1 88.5 ± 4.9 9.4 ± 0.02
3-DGal 127.1 ± 3.9 19.7 ± 0.7 55.9 ± 3.1 n.q
Glyoxal 9.2 ± 0.5 n.d.c 41.4 ± 2.5 1.0 ± 0.1
3,4-DGE 10.6 ± 0.4 2.8 ± 0.05 16.1 ± 0.8 n.q
MGO 8.0 ± 0.4 n.d 3.1 ± 0.2 n.d
Total GDPd 496.6 ± 16.0 77.6 ± 3.4 519.1 ± 13.1 142.4 ± 3.0

an.q., not quantifiable; bn.a., not assessed because of a coeluting compound; cn.d., not detectable, dexcluding furfural.

Mean values ± standard deviation of three different PDF bags are displayed.