Skip to main content
. 2022 Mar 11;6:18. doi: 10.1038/s41538-022-00132-8

Table 2.

Representative examples of previous research on degradable multilayer packaging materials with different compositions.

Composition & structure: barrier/active/control layers Preparation methods Functional properties
Zein/zein-gelatin-tea polyphenol/gelatin Layer-by-layer solvent-casting Tea polyphenol release was slower from multilayer than monolayer films11.
Polylactide/gallic acid/polylactide Electrospinning Multilayer films could prolong polyphenol release for more than 1000 h18.
Ethylcellulose/gelatin-curcumin/ethylcellulose Sequential electrospinning Multilayer films released curcumin continuously for 96 h and maintained its antioxidant activity19.
Cellulose acetate/potassium sorbate/cellulose acetate Dry phase inversion technique Potassium sorbate release was slower from multilayer than monolayer films28.

PHBV/zein-cinnamaldehyde/PHBV

Alginate/zein-cinnamaldehyde/PHBV

 Electrospinning Multilayer films could be designed with good antibacterial activity67,158.
Chitosan/chitosan-cinnamon oil/sodium alginate Layer-by-layer electrostatic deposition technique Multilayer coatings had better antimicrobial activity than monolayer coatings68.
Sodium alginate/chitosan-cinnamon essential oil/sodium alginate Layer-by-layer solvent- casting Multilayer films had better retention and sustained release than monolayer films68.
Balangu seed gum/gelatin-menthol/balangu seed gum Electrospinning Multilayer films were designed to control the release of menthol159.
PUR/PVA-gentamicin/PUR Needleless electrospinning technology Multilayer films with good antimicrobial activity could be designed66.

Zein/zein-thymol/zein

Zein-spelt bran/zein-hymol/zein-spelt bran

 Layer-by-layer solvent-casting The thymol release rate could be controlled by altering film thickness and bran content160.
Zein-gelatin/zein-gelatin-oregano oil/zein-gelatin Continuous casting method Tri-layer films with oregano oil in intermediate and/or upper layer exhibited a high retention rate161.
Alginate/chitosan-sodium benzoate alginate beads/alginate Layer-by-layer solvent-casting Alginate beads could be used to control the release rate of sodium benzoate162.
PVOH/PVOH-lysozyme/PVOH Layer-by-layer solvent-casting The release rate of lysozyme from the films could be controlled163.
Bacterial cellulose/PVA-bacterial cellulose-sorbic acid/bacterial cellulose Layer-by-layer assembly Sorbic acid release was slower from multilayer than monolayer films164.
Bacterial cellulose/PVA-bacterial cellulose-vanillin/bacterial cellulose Layer-by-layer solvent-casting A bacterial cellulose control layer delayed vanillin release and prevented PVA dissolution in food165.
Starch/PCL-carvacrol/starch Electrospinning Multilayer films prolonged antimicrobial action and reduced water vapor permeability compared to starch films86.
Bacterial cellulose/ bacterial cellulose-Scrophularia striata/β-cyclodextrin Layer-by-layer solvent-casting The release rate of Scrophularia striata was reduced in food simulant with multilayer films166.