Skip to main content
. 2022 Mar 11;12:4248. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08215-y

Table 2.

Qualitative requirements for VCTS enablers to facilitate basic VCTS operation.

Enabler Qualitative requirement
Brakes and traction VCTS should be able to control traction and brakes of all consists
Modulation of the SIL 4 brake system to manage cooperative braking behaviour, short build-up times
Calculation of highly accurate brake characteristics to reduce safety margins due to uncertainties
Low adhesion and brake failure management
Availability of real-time information of all brake and traction parameters
Availability of real-time track data
Communications Communication (T2T and T2G) following RAMS and security principles
Unique identification of message source and destination, timestamping/sequencing, status monitoring
Provision of high information quality and distribution rates in correspondence to the headway
Utilization of communication sequence protocols for certain actions/manoeuvres (e.g. coupling and decoupling)
Field elements (e. g. balises, switches, level crossings) and their management Updated functions to allow virtually coupled platoons in single block sections and to pass field elements without interference
Availability of sufficiently low switching times and status update communication
Allowance of VCTS manoeuvres (e.g. de-/coupling via switch)
Interoperability with existing signaling systems VCTS shall be independent of the signalling systems which is active on the utilized network
The signalling and the connected interlocking and ATP shall not inhibit VCTS operation
Bi-directional communication between the VCTS platoon and the trackside system (Strategic Layer, TMS)
Platforms and stations Appropriate handling of increased vehicle and passenger throughput
Availability of sufficient space for platoons and passengers
Traffic management system Implementation of algorithms and functionality to enable VCTS operation and maneuvers
Train integrity Continuous information of train integrity by on-board solutions; immediate and safe response in case of train integrity loss
Train operation: MO, ATP and ATO Interface to VCTS to set up a platoon, run diagnostics and maintenance
Availability of both automated and manual control of the leading consist
ATP and ATO compatibility with VCTS via interface or direct implementation
Train positioning Provision of highly accurate relative and absolute distance, speed and acceleration and real-time track-data