TABLE 2.
Multivariable Modeling of Association of Racial/Ethnic Discrimination With Suicidality
| Basic model |
Main model (includes other discriminations) |
Exposome model |
Psychopathology model |
Full model |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |||||||||||
| OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |
| Discrimination | |||||||||||||||
| High racial/ethnic discrimination | 3.50 | 2.95–4.16 | <.001 | 2.60 | 2.11–3.21 | <.001 | 1.80 | 1.43–2.27 | <.001 | 1.55 | 1.23–1.96 | <.001 | 1.24 | 0.97–1.59 | .091 |
| Past 12-months’ discrimination toward non–US-born individuals | 0.76 | 0.42–1.38 | .371 | 0.85 | 0.46–1.58 | .606 | 0.62 | 0.34–1.16 | .136 | 0.78 | 0.41–1.47 | .434 | |||
| Past 12-months’ sexual orientation–based discrimination | 3.07 | 2.31–4.07 | <.001 | 2.62 | 1.94–3.52 | <.001 | 2.07 | 1.53–2.82 | <.001 | 2.00 | 1.45–2.74 | <.001 | |||
| Past 12-months’ weight-based discrimination | 2.61 | 2.01–3.39 | <.001 | 1.96 | 1.48–2.58 | <.001 | 1.90 | 1.43–2.52 | <.001 | 1.59 | 1.18–2.14 | .002 | |||
| Exposome | |||||||||||||||
| Family poverty experiences | 1.07 | 1.00–1.15 | .058 | 1.08 | 1.01–1.17 | .038 | |||||||||
| Family conflict scale | 1.21 | 1.17–1.26 | <.001 | 1.17 | 1.12–1.22 | <.001 | |||||||||
| Negative life events count | 1.18 | 1.15–1.22 | <.001 | 1.12 | 1.08–1.16 | <.001 | |||||||||
| Neighborhood SES scale | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | .350 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | .085 | |||||||||
| Psychopathology | |||||||||||||||
| Psychosis scale | 1.06 | 1.05–1.06 | <.001 | 1.05 | 1.04–1.06 | <.001 | |||||||||
| Any externalizing Dx | 1.50 | 1.26–1.78 | <.001 | 1.31 | 1.09–1.57 | .004 | |||||||||
| Depression Dx | 1.74 | 1.30–2.33 | <.001 | 1.72 | 1.27–2.32 | <.001 | |||||||||
| Anxiety Dx | 1.75 | 1.23–2.47 | <.001 | 1.77 | 1.24–2.53 | .002 | |||||||||
| Nagelkerke R2 | 0.043 | 0.084 | 0.142 | 0.166 | 0.196 | ||||||||||
Note: Five binary logistic regression models were run to disentangle the role of racial/ethnic discrimination (Independent variable) from other notable stressors in association with suicidality (dependent variable). Model 1 covaries for age, sex, race (Black, White, non-Black minority racial groups), Hispanic ethnicity, and parental education. Model 2 (referred to as “main model” in the text) builds on model 1 by adding the other 3 types of discrimination and their associated identities (non–US-born, identifying as LGBT, being obese/underweight). Model 3 builds on model 2 by adding exposome adversities including poverty, neighborhood SES, family conflict, and negative life events. Model 4 builds on model 2 but covaries for psychopathology (prodromal psychosis scale, any externalizing Dx, depression Dx, and anxiety Dx). Model 5 combines models 3 and 4 by covarying for both exposome adversity and psychopathology. Dx = diagnosis; LGBT = lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender; OR = odds ratio; SES = socioeconomic status.