Table 1.

Overview of the stratified blended physiotherapy intervention (e-Exercise low back pain [LBP]).

Mode of delivery			Low-risk profile		Medium-risk profile		High-risk profile
Smartphone app
	Duration	3 weeks		12 weeks		12 weeks
	Information module	Knowledge-based platform with several LBP self-management information themes (directly available)		12 weekly self-management themes, including assignments		12 weekly self-management themes, including assignments, pain education, and psychosocial risk factors
	Exercise module	3 to 4 home-based exercises tailored to the patient’s specific functional limitations		3 to 4 home-based exercises tailored to the patient’s specific functional limitations		3 to 4 home-based exercises tailored to the patient’s specific functional limitations
	Physical activity module	Physical activity recommendations in accordance with the LBP guidelines of the Royal Dutch Association for Physiotherapy		A 3-day baseline test to determine the current level of physical activity; an 11-week, 3-times per week, goal-oriented training program to maintain or improve the level of physical activity; in patients avoiding physical activity because of LBP, a graded activity functionality can be activated		A 3-day baseline test to determine the current level of physical activity; an 11-week, 3-times per week, goal-oriented training program to maintain or improve the level of physical activity using a graded activity approach
Face-to-face care
	Sessions	2 sessions		Maximum of 8 sessions		Maximum of 12 sessions
	Content	Reassurance, information about LBP, instruction on self-management options, and the importance of adequate physical activity behavior		Content similar to low risk, and in addition, the physiotherapist can consider providing evidence-based interventions (eg, passive or active joint mobilization) as recommended by guideline LBP of the Royal Dutch Association for Physiotherapy		Content similar to medium risk, and in addition, the physiotherapist will address the patient’s specific psychosocial risk factors using a cognitive behavioral approach, and pain education will be given
Integration of face-to-face care and smartphone app
	First session	Provide information about LBP and instructions on home-based exercises addressing patient’s specific functional limitations using the smartphone app		Provide information about LBP, instructions on home-based exercises addressing patient’s specific functional limitations, and instructions on 3-day baseline test using the smartphone app		Provide information about LBP, instructions on home-based exercises addressing patient’s specific functional limitations, and instructions on 3-day baseline test using the smartphone app
	Middle sessions	N/Aa		Evaluation of progress with the smartphone app and optimizing face-to-face care		Evaluation of progress with the smartphone app and optimizing face-to-face care
	Final session	Evaluate the progress with the smartphone app and give recommendations to prevent recurrent episodes of LBP and maintain or improve the physical activity level		Evaluate the progress with the smartphone app and give recommendations to prevent recurrent episodes of LBP and maintain or improve the physical activity level		Evaluate the progress with the smartphone app and give recommendations to prevent recurrent episodes of LBP and maintain or improve the physical activity level

^aN/A: not applicable.