Table 5.
Adjusted primary and secondary outcome measures: improvements and differences between groups stratified for the risk of developing persistent low back pain (LBP; N=204).
| Outcome measure | Risk of developing persistent LBP | |||||||
|
|
Low risk (n=120) | Medium risk (n=71) | High risk (n=13) | |||||
|
|
Between-group difference, mean (95% CI)a | P value | Between-group difference, mean (95% CI)a | P value | Between-group difference, mean (95% CI)a | P value | ||
| Physical functioning (range 0-100) |
−0.82 (−2.92 to 1.27) | .44 | −3.48 (−8.99 to 2.03) | .22 | −16.39 (−27.98 to −4.79) | .01 | ||
| Pain intensity (average score 7 days; range 0-10) |
0.30 (−0.52 to 1.13) | .47 | 0.01 (−1.08 to 1.11) | .98 | −3.43 (−6.55 to −0.31) | .03 | ||
| Physical activity (MVPAb minutes/day) |
3.80 (−12.05 to 19.65) | .64 | 1.08 (−16.70 to 18.86) | .91 | 39.50 (−1.24 to 80.24) | .06 | ||
| Fear-avoidance beliefs (range 0-96) |
−2.70 (−6.22 to 0.82) | .13 | −5.93 (−11.45 to −0.40) | .04 | −14.51 (−28.21 to −0.81) | .04 | ||
| Pain catastrophizing (range 0-52) |
0.28 (−2.03 to 2.59) | .81 | −2.66 (−5.73 to 0.41) | .09 | −14.47 (−31.89 to 2.94) | .10 | ||
| Self-efficacy (range 10-40) |
−0.58 (−1.76 to 0.60) | .33 | 0.85 (−0.92 to 2.62) | .35 | 1.50 (−4.02 to 7.02) | .60 | ||
| Health-related quality of life (range 0-100) |
1.26 (−7.15 to 9.68) | .77 | 0.84 (−6.47 to 8.15) | .82 | 15.84 (−3.92 to 35.61) | .12 | ||
| Patient activation (range 0-100) |
−2.22 (−6.38 to 1.93) | .29 | 1.85 (−3.27 to 6.97) | .48 | 7.49 (−1.35 to 16.34) | .10 | ||
| Adherence to prescribed home exercises (range 0-24) | 0.82 (−0.01 to 1.65) | .05 | 0.86 (−0.35 to 2.08) | .16 | −1.19 (−3.37 to 0.99) | .28 | ||
aDifference between baseline and 3 months in stratified blended physiotherapy versus face-to-face physiotherapy per risk group and adjusted for baseline and duration of low back pain complaints (<12 vs >12 weeks).
bMVPA: moderate to vigorous physical activity.