Table 3:
Cortical and Subcortical Brain Volume Trajectories Relating to Late Adolescence/Early Adulthood Outcomes
| Independent Variable, with sex and intracranial volume as covariates | Independent Variable, with sex, intracranial volume, T1 depression, anxiety and externalizing severity, cumulative life events, and maternal mental health as covariates | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome Variable | Std. B | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | t | p | Std. B | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | t | p |
| Independent Variable = Cortical Gray Matter Intercepts | ||||||||||
| Cognitive Function Outcome | .422 | .121 | .724 | 2.77 | .006* | .247 | −.100 | .594 | 1.41 | .16 |
| High Risk Behaviors Outcome | −.335 | −.637 | −.032 | −2.18 | .03* | −.290 | −.661 | .081 | −1.55 | .13 |
| Poor Social Outcomes | −.397 | −.680 | −.114 | −2.77 | .006* | −.335 | −.682 | .012 | −1.91 | .06 |
| Poor Education Outcomes | −.186 | −.511 | .140 | −1.13 | .26 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Independent Variable = Subcortical Gray Matter Intercepts | ||||||||||
| Cognitive Function Outcome | .410 | .189 | .630 | 3.67 | <.001* | .308 | .072 | .544 | 2.58 | .01 |
| High Risk Behaviors Outcome | −.375 | −.593 | −.156 | −3.39 | <.001* | −.358 | −.613 | −.104 | −2.79 | .006 |
| Poor Social Outcomes | −.169 | −.378 | .041 | −1.59 | .11 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Poor Education Outcomes | −.222 | −.453 | .009 | −1.90 | .06 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Independent Variable = Subcortical Gray Matter Slopes | ||||||||||
| Cognitive Function Outcome | .341 | .171 | .510 | 3.97 | <.001* | .259 | .065 | .452 | 2.65 | .009^ |
| High Risk Behaviors Outcome | −.332 | −.502 | −.161 | −3.85 | <.001* | −.340 | −.543 | −.136 | −3.31 | .001^ |
| Poor Social Outcomes | −.073 | −.240 | .095 | −0.86 | .39 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Poor Education Outcomes | −.236 | −.422 | −.049 | −2.50 | .01* | −.193 | −.414 | .028 | −1.73 | .09 |
Note: The multilevel models used to generate the intercepts and slopes including random intercept and random slope components in addition to fixed effects.
Survives FDR correction across all four outcomes. Note: Darker gray shading indicates relationships significant even when controlling for T1 psychopathology, while lighter gray shading indicates only significant when not controlling for T1 psychopathology. Models controlling for T1 psychopathology, life events, and maternal psychopathology were only run if the effect was significant in models not including these covariates.
Survives FDR correction for the number of follow-up models run for that independent variable.