Table 2.
Comparison of general characteristics, laboratory values, intensive care measures and outcome parameters between survivors and non-survivors in intoxicated patients.
| Characteristic | Survivors (n=4,235) | Non-Survivors (n=32) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) – median (IQR) | 41 (29-53) | 48 (30-60) | 0.32 |
| Age category | - | - | 0.61 |
| Age <65 years | 92% (3,906) | 88% (28) | - |
| Age 65-79 years | 6% (243) | 9% (3) | - |
| Age ≥80 years | 2% (86) | 3% (1) | - |
| Sex | - | - | 0.27 |
| Female | 55% (2,320) | 41% (13) | - |
| Male | 45% (1,910) | 59% (19) | - |
| Unknown | 0% (3) | 0% (0) | - |
| BMI (kg/m2) – median (IQR) | 27 (23-31) | 24 (21-30) | 0.16 |
| BMI categories (WHO) | - | - | 0.030* |
| BMI <18.5 kg/m2 | 4% (156) | 13% (4) | - |
| BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 | 36% (1,455) | 43% (13) | - |
| BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2 | 30% (1,218) | 20% (6) | - |
| BMI ≥30 kg/m2 | 31% (1,254) | 23% (7) | - |
| Ethnicity | - | - | 0.93 |
| African American | 8% (322) | 6% (2) | - |
| Asian | 1% (45) | 0% (0) | - |
| Caucasian | 83% (3,435) | 84% (27) | - |
| Hispanic | 3% (111) | 3% (1) | - |
| Native American | 1% (53) | 3% (1) | - |
| Other/Unknown | 4% (161) | 3% (1) | - |
| SOFA score (pts.) – median (IQR) | 3 (1-5) | 8 (5-11) | <0.001* |
| APACHE-IV (pts.) – median (IQR) | 37 (26-53) | 90 (64-113) | <0.001* |
| Laboratory values – median (IQR) | - | - | - |
| Maximum lactate day 1 (mmol/L) | 1.6 (1.0-2.5) | 3.1 (1.7-6.4) | <0.001* |
| First lactate >2mmol/L | 34% (309) | 71% (15) | <0.001* |
| Maximum creatinine day 1 (mg/dL) | 0.8 (0.7-1.0) | 1.3 (1.0-2.3) | <0.001* |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.4 (11.3-13.6) | 12.6 (10.4-14.8) | 0.68 |
| Platelets (G/L) | 210 (169-256) | 224.5 (173.0-276.0) | 0.40 |
| Leucocytes (G/L) | 8.6 (6.5-11.6) | 13.0 (9.2-18.2) | <0.001* |
| Toxin/poison/drug | - | - | 0.22 |
| Overdose alcohols(1) | 12% (521) | 0% (0) | - |
| Overdose analgesics(2) | 11% (480) | 16% (5) | - |
| Overdose antidepressants(3) | 7% (301) | 6% (2) | - |
| Overdose of other toxin/poison/drug | 18% (778) | 19% (6) | - |
| Overdose sedatives(4) | 29% (1,249) | 25% (8) | - |
| Overdose, street drugs(5) | 20% (852) | 34% (11) | - |
| Drug-toxicity(6) | 1% (54) | 0% (0) | - |
| Intensive care measures | - | - | - |
| Mechanical ventilation | 26% (1,097) | 66% (21) | <0.001* |
| Vasopressor use | 4% (184) | 41% (13) | <0.001* |
| Dialysis (first three days) | 3% (35) | 6% (1) | 0.50 |
| Outcome | - | - | - |
| AKI | 2% (47) | 9% (2) | 0.047* |
| LOS (hours) | 28 (18-46) | 76 (35-175) | <0.001* |
| LOS >7 days | 2% (103) | 25% (8) | <0.001* |
| ICU mortality | 0% (0) | 66% (21) | <0.001* |
| Hospital mortality | 0% (0) | 100% (32) | <0.001* |
Abbreviations: AKI Acute kidney injury, APACHE IV Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation, BMI Body mass index, ICU Intensive care unit, LOS Length of stay, SOFA Sequential organ failure assessment; WHO World health organization; (1) ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol; (2) aspirin, acetaminophen; (3) tricyclic antidepressants, lithium; (4) including hypnotics, antipsychotics & benzodiazepines; (5) opiates, cocaine, amphetamine; (6) i.e., beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, etc.; *: statistically significant;