Table 2.
Representative ongoing clinical trials for PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in combination with other cancer treatment regimens
| Interventions | Target | Conditions | Phase | Development status | Trial number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade + Other type of immune checkpoint inhibitors | |||||
| Approved immune-checkpoint inhibitors therapies | PD-1 + PD-L1 + CTLA-4 | Melanoma; NSCLC | Phase 4 | Recruiting | NCT03673332 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab | PD-1 + CTLA-4 | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03823625, NCT03285321, NCT03333616 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab | PD-1 + CTLA-4 | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03001882, NCT03091491, NCT03262779 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab | PD-1 + CTLA-4 | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Enrolling by invitation | NCT03083691 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab | PD-1 + CTLA-4 | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 3 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02538666 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab | PD-1 + CTLA-4 | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 4 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02869789 |
| Pembrolizumab + ipilimumab | PD-1 + CTLA-4 | NSCLC | Phase 3 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03302234 |
| Nivolumab + relatlimab | PD-1 + LAG-3 | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04205552, NCT04623775 |
| BI 754091 + BI 754111 | PD-1 + LAG-3 | NSCLC | Phase 1 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03156114 |
| XmAb®23104 + ipilimumab | PD-1/ICOS + CTLA-4 | Melanoma; NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 1 | Recruiting | NCT03752398 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab or chemotherapy | PD-1 + CTLA-4/chemotherapy | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03158129 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab or nivolumab + platinum-doublet chemotherapy | PD-1 + CTLA-4 / PD-1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 3 | Recruiting | NCT02477826 |
| Durvalumab + tremelimumab + chemotherapy | PD-L1 + CTLA-4 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 3 | Recruiting | NCT03164616 |
| 2. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade + Chemotherapy | |||||
| Nivolumab + decitabine + tetrahydrouridine | PD-1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02664181 |
| Nivolumab + gemcitabine | PD-1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 4 | Not yet recruiting | NCT04331626 |
| Nivolumab + docetaxel | PD-1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 3 | Recruiting | NCT03906071 |
| Nivolumab/pembrolizumab + chemotherapy | PD-1 + chemotherapy | SCLC | Not Applicable | Not yet recruiting | NCT04306042 |
| Nivolumab + carboplatin + paclitaxel | PD-1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT02259621 |
| Nivolumab + platinum-based chemotherapy | PD-1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03823625 |
| Nivolumab + paclitaxel + carboplatin AUC5 | PD-1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 1 | Recruiting | NCT04699721 |
| Nivolumab + carboplatin + nab-paclitaxel | PD-1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04015778 |
| Nivolumab + temozolomide | PD-1 + chemotherapy | SCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03728361 |
| Nivolumab + decitabine + tetrahydrouridine | PD-1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02664181 |
| Nivolumab + irinotecan | PD-1 + chemotherapy | SCLC | Phase 1 | Recruiting | NCT04173325 |
| Nivolumab + carboplatin + cisplatin + etoposide | PD-1 + chemotherapy | SCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03382561 |
| Toripalimab + platinum-based chemotherapy | PD-1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT05055583 |
| Opdivo/Keytruda + tirapazamine | PD-1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03259867 |
| Camrelizumab + nab-paclitaxel | PD-1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04167774 |
| PD-1 inhibitor + chemotherapy | PD-1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04941417 |
| Pembrolizumab + pemetrexed + gemcitabine + cisplatin + carboplatin | PD-1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04586465 |
| Pembrolizumab + tirapazamine | PD-1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04701476 |
| Atezolizumab + gemcitabine | PD-L1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04480372 |
| Nivolumab + relatlimab + carboplatin + cisplatin + paclitaxel + nab-paclitaxel + pemetrexed | PD-1 + LAG-3 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04623775 |
| Nivolumab + BMS-986012 + carboplatin + etoposide | PD-1 + fucosyl-GM1 + chemotherapy | SCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04702880 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + platinum-doublet chemotherapy | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02659059 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + oxaliplatin | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04043195 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + paclitaxel | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03573947 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + guadecitabine | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + chemotherapy | Melanoma; NSCLC | Phase 2 | Not yet recruiting | NCT04250246 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + platinum-based chemotherapy | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + chemotherapy | SCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03670056 |
| Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody + Chemotherapy + bronchoscopy-assisted interventional therapy | PD-1/PD-L1 + chemotherapy + interventional therapy | NSCLC | Phase 2, Phase 3 | Not yet recruiting | NCT04702009 |
| Immune checkpoint inhibitor + chemotherapy | PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Not applicable | Recruiting | NCT04807114 |
| Durvalumab + bevacizumab + pemetrexed + cisplatin/carboplatin + SBRT | PD-L1 + EGFR + chemotherapy + SBRT | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Not yet recruiting | NCT04517526 |
| Camrelizumab + apatinib + albumin paclitacxel | PD-1 + VEGF + chemotherapy | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Not yet recruiting | NCT04459078 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab/nivolumab + chemotherapy | PD-1 + CTLA-4 / PD-1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 3 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02998528 |
| Pembrolizumab + carboplatin-paclitaxel/nab-paclitaxel | PD-1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 3 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02775435 |
| Atezolizumab + chemotherapy | PD-L1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 3 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02486718 |
| Pembrolizumab + chemotherapy + radiotherapy | PD-1 + chemotherapy + radiotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03631784 |
| Atezolizumab + carboplatin/cisplatin + pemetrexed | PD-L1 + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 3 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02657434 |
| 3. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade + Radiotherapy | |||||
| Nivolumab/pembrolizumab + radiotherapy | PD-1 + radiotherapy | Melanoma | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04017897 |
| Sintilimab + radiotherapy | PD-1 + radiotherapy | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04513301 |
| Nivolumab + radiosurgery | PD-1 + radiosurgery | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02978404 |
| Nivolumab + intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) | PD-1 + IMRT | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04577638 |
| Nivolumab + SBRT | PD-1 + SBRT | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04271384 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + radiation therapy | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + radiotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03168464, NCT04013542, NCT02696993 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + thoracic radiation therapy(TRT) | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + TRT | SCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03043599 |
| Nivolumab + BMS-986218 + SBRT | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + SBRT | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04785287 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + SBRT | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + SBRT | SCLC | Phase 1 | Recruiting | NCT03223155 |
| Durvalumab + radiotherapy | PD-L1 + radiotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04062708 |
| Durvalumab + tremelimumab + radiation therapy | PD-L1 + CTLA-4 + radiotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02888743 |
| Atezolizumab + SBRT | PD-L1 + SBRT | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT02992912 |
| Nivolumab/pembrolizumab/atezolizumab + stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) | PD-1/PD-L1 + SBRT | Melanoma; NSCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03511391 |
| Immunotherapeutic agent + radiation | PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 + radiotherapy | NSCLC | Not applicable | Active, not recruiting | NCT03035890 |
| Immunotherapy + radiation | PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 + radiotherapy | NSCLC; SCLC | Not applicable | Recruiting | NCT03705806 |
| Nivolumab, pembrolizumab, ipilimumab or atezolizumab + SBRT | PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 + SBRT | Melanoma; NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03693014 |
| Durvalumab + bevacizumab + pemetrexed + cisplatin/carboplatin + SBRT | PD-L1 + EGFR + Chemotherapy + SBRT | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Not yet recruiting | NCT04517526 |
| 4. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade + targeted therapy | |||||
| Spartalizumab + PBF-509 | PD-1 + AR | NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02403193 |
| Pembrolizumab + INCB001158 | PD-1 + Arg | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02903914 |
| PD-1 inhibitor + metformin | PD-1 + AMPK | SCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03994744 |
| Nivolumab + metformin hydrochloride | PD-1 + AMPK | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03048500 |
| Nivolumab + ceritinib | PD-1 + ALK | NSCLC | Phase 1 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02393625 |
| PD-1 inhibitor + CAB-AXL-ADC | PD-1 + AXL | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04681131 |
| PD-1 inhibitor + CAB-AXL-ADC | PD-1 + AXL | Melanoma; NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03425279 |
| Nivolumab + BMS-986340 | PD-1 + CCR8 | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04895709 |
| Spartalizumab + NIR178 | PD-1 + CD73 | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03207867 |
| Nivolumab + pembrolizumab + OR2805 | PD-1 + CD163 | Melanoma; NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT05094804 |
| Nivolumab + cabiralizumab + APX005M | PD-1 + CSF1R + CD40 | Melanoma; NSCLC | Phase 1 | Recruiting | NCT03502330 |
| Nivolumab + nimotuzumab | PD-1 + EGFR | NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT02947386 |
| Nivolumab + nintedanib | PD-1 + EGFR | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04046614 |
| Nivolumab + BT5528 | PD-1 + EphA2 | NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04180371 |
| Sintilimab + pemigatinib | PD-1 + FGFR | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Not yet recruiting | NCT05004974 |
| Nivolumab + BMS-986012 + carboplatin + etoposide | PD-1 + fucosyl-GM1 + chemotherapy | SCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04702880 |
| Nivolumab + BMS-986012 | PD-1 + fucosyl-GM1 | SCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02247349 |
| Nivolumab + plinabulin | PD-1 + GEF-H1 | NSCLC | Phase 1 | Recruiting | NCT02812667 |
| Nivolumab + ACY-241 | PD-1 + HDAC6 | NSCLC | Phase 1 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02635061 |
| Nivolumab + HBI-8000 | PD-1 + HDAC | Melanoma; NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02718066 |
| PDR001 + DKY709 | PD-1 + helios (IKZF2) | Melanoma; NSCLC | Phase 1 | Recruiting | NCT03891953 |
| Nivolumab + Ipilimumab + BMS-986205 | PD-1 + IDO1 | Melanoma; NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02658890 |
| Nivolumab + LT-803 | PD-1 + IL-15 | NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02523469 |
| Spartalizumab + JDQ443 + TNO155 | PD-1 + KRAS G12C + SHP2 | NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04699188 |
| Spartalizumab + capmatinib | PD-1 + MET | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT04323436 |
| Nivolumab + glesatinib + sitravatinib + mocetinostat | PD-1 + MET/SMO + RTK + HDAC (Class I/IV) | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02954991 |
| Nivolumab + rucaparib | PD-1 + PARP | SCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03958045 |
| Nivolumab + copanlisib | PD-1 + PI3K | NSCLC | Phase 1 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03735628 |
| Nivolumab + eganelisib | PD-1 + PI3K-γ | Melanoma; NSCLC | Phase 1 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02637531 |
| Nivolumab + TPST-1120 | PD-1 + PPARa | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 1 | Recruiting | NCT03829436 |
| Nivolumab + COM701 | PD-1 + PVRIG | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 1 | Recruiting | NCT03667716 |
| Nivolumab + denosumab | PD-1 + RANKL | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03669523 |
| PD-1 inhibitor + CAB-ROR2-ADC | PD-1 + ROR2 | Melanoma; NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03504488 |
| Nivolumab + sitravatinib | PD-1 + RTKs | NSCLC | Phase 3 | Recruiting | NCT03906071 |
| Spartalizumab + TNO155 + ribociclib | PD-1 + SHP2 + CDK4/6 | NSCLC | Phase 1 | Recruiting | NCT04000529 |
| PD-1 inhibitor + JAB-3068 | PD-1 + SHP2 | NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04721223 |
| Camrelizumab + famitinib | PD-1 + TKI | NSCLC | Phase 3 | Recruiting | NCT05106335 |
| Immune checkpoint inhibitor + anti-angiogenesis agents | PD-1 + VEGF | NSCLC | Not applicable | Recruiting | NCT04137588 |
| Ezabenlimab + BI 836880 | PD-1 + VEGF/Ang2 | NSCLC | Phase 1 | Recruiting | NCT03468426 |
| Camrelizumab + apatinib + albumin paclitacxel | PD-1 + VEGF + chemotherapy | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Not yet recruiting | NCT04459078 |
| Tislelizumab + anlotinib + irinotecan | PD-1 + VEGFR | SCLC | Not applicable | NCT05027100 | |
| PD-1 inhibitor + anlotinib | PD-1 + VEGFR | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04790409 |
| Nivolumab + anlotinib | PD-1 + VEGFR | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Not yet recruiting | NCT04211896 |
| Nivolumab + ramucirumab | PD-1 + VEGFR2 | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03527108 |
| Nivolumab + anlotinib | PD-1 + VEGFR2 | NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04507906 |
| Nivolumab + AL3818 | PD-1 + VEGFR2 | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04165330 |
| Nivolumab + X-82 | PD-1 + VEGFR/PDGFR | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03583086 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + nintedanib | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + EGFR | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03377023 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + plinabulin | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + GEF-H1 | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03575793 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + NKTR-214 | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + IL-2 | Melanoma; NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02983045 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + Tocilizumab | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + IL-6 | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04940299 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + denosumab | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + RANKL | Melanoma | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03161756 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + BMS-986207 | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + TIGIT | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Not yet recruiting | NCT05005273 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + certolizumab/infliximab | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + TNF-a | Melanoma | Not applicable | Active, not recruiting | NCT03293784 |
| Pembrolizumab + GEN1046 | PD-1 + PD-L1 + 4-1BB | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT05117242 |
| Durvalumab/avelumab/atezolizumab/nivolumab/pembrolizumab + N-803 + PD-L1 t-haNK | PD-1/PD-L1 + IL-15 + cell therapy | Melanoma; NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03228667 |
| ICB + MDNA11 | PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 + IL-2 | Melanoma; NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT05086692 |
| Durvalumab + oleclumab/ceralasertib | PD-L1 + CD73/ATR | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03833440 |
| Durvalumab + bevacizumab + pemetrexed + cisplatin/carboplatin + SBRT | PD-L1 + EGFR + chemotherapy + SBRT | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Not yet recruiting | NCT04517526 |
| Atezolizumab + tocilizumab | PD-L1 + IL-6R | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Not yet recruiting | NCT04691817 |
| Atezolizumab + cabozantinib | PD-L1 + TKI | NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03170960 |
| Atezolizumab + ramucirumab | PD-L1 + VEGFR-2 | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03689855 |
| Durvalumab-platinum–etoposide + anlotinib | PD-L1 + VEGF | SCLC | Phase 2 | Not yet recruiting | NCT04660097 |
| Ipilimumab + osimertinib | CTLA-4 + EGFR | NSCLC | Phase 1 | Recruiting | NCT04141644 |
| 5. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade + cell therapy | |||||
| Nivolumab + pembrolizumab + atezolizumab + FT500 | PD-1 + PD-L1 + NK cell cancer immunotherapy | Melanoma; SCLC | Phase 1 | Recruiting | NCT03841110 |
| Sintilimab + CIK cell + pemetrexed + albumin paclitaxel + carboplatin | PD-1 + CIK cell therapy + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Not yet recruiting | NCT04836728 |
| Nivolumab + MILs™—NSCLC + Tadalafil | PD-1 + cell therapy + PDE-5 | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT04069936 |
| Nivolumab, ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, lifileucel, LN-145, LN-145-S1 | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + TIL cell therapy | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03645928 |
| Atezolizumab + cyclophosphamide + fludarabine + MAGE-A1-specific T cell receptor-transduced autologous T cells | PD-L1 + cell therapy + Chemotherapy | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04639245 |
| Nivolumab + IRX 2 | PD-1 + cell therapy | Melanoma; NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 1 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03758781 |
| 6. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade + vaccine | |||||
| ICB + ChAdOx1-MAGEA3-NYESO/MVA-MAGEA3 + chemotherapy | PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 + vaccine + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04908111 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + dendritic cell-based p53 Vaccine | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + vaccine | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03406715 |
| Nivolumab + UCPVax | PD-1 + vaccine | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04263051 |
| Nivolumab + pembrolizumab + pemetrexed + viagenpumatucel-L | PD-1 + DHFR + vaccine | NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02439450 |
| Nivolumab + TG4010 + chemotherapy | PD-1 + vaccine + chemotherapy | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03353675 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + GRT-C901/GRT-R902 | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + vaccine | NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03639714 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + GRT-C903/GRT-R904 | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + vaccine | NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT03953235 |
| Nivolumab + pembrolizumab + recombinant human EGF-rP64K/montanide ISA 51 vaccine | PD-1 + vaccine | NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02955290 |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab + UV1 vaccine + leukine | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + vaccine | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04300244 |
| Nivolumab + pembrolizumab + GEN-009 adjuvanted vaccine | PD-1 + vaccine | NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03633110 |
| 7. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade + Other treatment regimens | |||||
| ICI + fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) | PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 + FMT | Melanoma; NSCLC | Phase 2 | Not yet recruiting | NCT04951583 |
| Nivolumab + FMT by capsules | PD-1 + FMT | Melanoma; NSCLC | Phase 1, Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04521075 |
| Opdivo + Yervoy + Novocure Optune | PD-1 + CTLA-4 + electric field therapy | Melanoma | Phase 1 | Not yet recruiting | NCT05004025 |
| Camrelizumab + microwave ablation (MWA) | PD-1 + MWA | NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT05053802 |
| Pembrolizumab + laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) | PD-1 + LITT | Melanoma; NSCLC; SCLC | Phase 1 | Recruiting | NCT04187872 |
| Pembrolizumab + Radium-223 dichloride (Xofigo, BAY 88–8223) | PD-1 + radiotherapeutic drug | NSCLC | Phase 1 | Active, not recruiting | NCT03996473 |
| ICB + CAN-2409 + valacyclovir | PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 + gene therapy | NSCLC | Phase 2 | Recruiting | NCT04495153 |
| ICB + Different sleep conditions | ICB + sleep disturbances | NSCLC; SCLC | Not Applicable | Recruiting | NCT04070651 |
| Exercise intervention + standard oncological treatments | ICB + chemotherapy + exercise intervention | NSCLC; SCLC | Not Applicable | Recruiting | NCT04263467 |
Phase 4: Only after the drug is approved can it enter the phase 4 of the trial. At this stage, new uses or new populations of drugs, long-term effects and subjects' responses to different doses can be further studied
NSCLC non-small-cell lung cancer, SCLC small-cell lung cancer, PD-1 programmed cell death-1, PD-L1 PD-1 ligand, CTLA-4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, LAG-3 lymphocyte-activation gene 3, ICOS inducible co-stimulator, EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGFR vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, IMRT intensity modulated radiotherapy, SBRT stereotactic body radiation therapy, TRT thoracic radiation therapy, AR adenosine receptor, Arg arginase, AMPK adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase, ALK anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ATR ATR serine/threonine kinase, AXL AXL receptor tyrosine kinase, CCR8 CC chemokine receptor 8, CD73 ecto-5'-nucleotidase, CSF1R colony stimulating factor 1 receptor, EphA2 ephrin A receptor 2, FGFR fibroblast growth factor receptor, GEF-H1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1, HDAC histone deacetylase, Helios IKAROS-family genes, IDO1 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, IL-2 interleukin-2, IL-6 interleukin-6, IL-6R interleukin-6 receptor, IL-15 interleukin-15, KRAS KRAS proto-oncogene, SHP2 Src homology 2 domain tyrosine phosphatases, MET MET proto-oncogene, RTKs AXL, MER, VEGFR2, PDGFR, KIT, RET, MET, DDR2, TRKA, PARP poly ADP ribose polymerase, PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PPARa peroxisome proliferator activated receptor a, PVRIG CD112 receptor, RANKL receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, ROR2 recombinant receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 2, CDK4/6 cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, TKI tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PDGFR platelet-derived growth factor receptor, TIGIT T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains, TNF-a tumor necrosis factor-a, CIK cytokine-induced killer, TIL tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, DHFR dihydrofolate reductase, FMT fecal microbial transplantation, MWA microwave ablation, LITT laser interstitial thermotherapy