Table 1.
General characteristics of the study participants according to the TyG index
| Characteristic | Total (N = 10,535) | TyG index | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (n = 2650) | Q2 (n = 2647) | Q3 (n = 2590) | Q4 (n = 2648) | |||
| Sex, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Male | 5121 (48.6) | 1375 (51.9) | 1256 (47.4) | 1183 (45.7) | 1307 (49.4) | |
| Female | 5414 (51.4) | 1275 (48.1) | 1391 (52.6) | 1407 (54.3) | 1341 (50.6) | |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Total | 64.0 (59.0–70.0) | 65.0 (60.0–71.0) | 64.0 (59.0–69.0) | 64.0 (59.0–69.0) | 63.0 (57.0–68.0) | |
| ≤ 60 | 55.0 (51.0–58.0) | 55.0 (51.0–58.0) | 55.0 (52.0–58.0) | 55.0 (52.0–58.0) | 55.0 (51.0–57.0) | |
| > 60 | 67.0 (64.0–71.0) | 68.0 (64.0–72.0) | 67.0 (64.0–71.0) | 67.0 (63.0–71.0) | 67.0 (64.0–71.0) | |
| SBP, mmHg, median (IQR) | 140.0 (128.0–156.0) | 139.0 (124.0–152.0) | 140.0 (126.0–155.0) | 140.0 (130.0–159.0) | 141.0 (130.0–159.0) | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg, median (IQR) | 83.0 (77.0–90.0) | 80.0 (75.0–90.0) | 82.0 (76.0–90.0) | 83.0 (78.0–90.0) | 84.0 (78.0–91.0) | < 0.001 |
| CRP, mg/L, median (IQR) | 4.2 (2.0–12.8) | 4.1 (1.9–14.9) | 4.3 (2.0–14.2) | 4.0 (2.0–11.3) | 4.5 (2.2–11.2) | < 0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 6.2 (5.3–8.1) | 5.3 (4.8–5.9) | 5.8 (5.1–6.8) | 6.54 (5.6–8.1) | 9.4 (7.0–12.6) | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 2.8 (2.1–3.4) | 2.5 (1.9–3.1) | 2.8 (2.2–3.4) | 3.0 (2.3–3.6) | 2.8 (2.2–3.5) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | < 0.001 |
| TG, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) | 2.6 (2.0–3.5) | < 0.001 |
| TC, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 4.6 (3.8–5.4) | 4.1 (3.4–4.9) | 4.5 (3.8–5.2) | 4.7 (4.0–5.5) | 5.0 (4.2–5.7) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 6.0 (5.6–7.0) | 5.7 (5.4–6.2) | 5.9 (5.5–6.5) | 6.1 (5.6–6.9) | 7.1 (6.1–8.6) | < 0.001 |
| TyG index | 9.0 (8.5–9.4) | 8.2 (8.0–8.4) | 8.7 (8.6–8.8) | 9.1 (9.0–9.3) | 9.8 (9.6–10.2) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 4590 (43.6) | 1173 (44.3) | 1121 (42.3) | 1101 (42.5) | 1195 (45.1) | < 0.001 |
| Drinking, n (%) | 5863 (55.7) | 1457 (55) | 1480 (55.9) | 1421 (54.9) | 1505 (56.8) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 8875 (84.2) | 2114 (23.8) | 2201 (24.8) | 2241(25.3) | 2319 (26.1) | < 0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 5770 (54.8) | 690 (12.0) | 961 (16.7) | 1326 (23.0) | 1981 (34.3) | < 0.001 |
| Use of antihypertensives, n (%) | 5239 (49.7) | 1160 (43.8) | 1240 (46.8) | 1363 (52.6) | 1476 (55.7) | < 0.001 |
| Use of antilipidemic, n (%) | 7787 (73.9) | 1703 (64.3) | 1947 (73.6) | 2026 (78.2) | 2111 (79.7) | < 0.001 |
| CIMT, mm, median (IQR) | 0.10 (0.09–0.12) | 0.10 (0.09–0.12) | 0.10 (0.09- 0.12) | 0.10 (0.09–0.12) | 0.10 (0.09–0.12) | 0.742 |
| Carotid artery plaque, n (%) | 8079 (76.69) | 1985 (74.91) | 1996 (75.41) | 2006 (77.45) | 2092 (79.00) | < 0.001 |
| Glucose regulation state, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Normal glucose regulation | 3756 (35.7) | 1735 (65.5) | 1160 (43.8) | 654 (25.3) | 207 (7.8) | |
| Prediabetes | 2813 (26.7) | 694 (26.2) | 861 (32.5) | 834 (32.2) | 424 (16.0) | |
| Diabetes | 3966 (37.6) | 221 (8.3) | 626 (23.7) | 1102 (42.5) | 2017 (76.2) | |
| No. of carotid artery plaque, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| 0 | 2456 (23.3) | 665 (25.1) | 651 (24.6) | 584 (22.5) | 556 (21) | |
| 1 | 406 (3.9) | 96 (3.6) | 100 (3.8) | 100 (3.9) | 110 (4.2) | |
| ≥ 2 | 7673 (72.8) | 1889 (71.3) | 1896 (71.6) | 1906 (73.6) | 1982 (74.8) | |
| Carotid artery plaque echo property, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Hypoechoic plaque | 497 (4.7) | 114 (4.3) | 131 (4.9) | 130 (5) | 122 (4.6) | |
| Isoechoic plaque | 548 (5.2) | 137 (5.2) | 133 (5) | 136 (5.3) | 142 (5.4) | |
| Hyperechoic plaque | 4792 (45.5) | 1211 (45.7) | 1162 (43.9) | 1194 (46.1) | 1225 (46.3) | |
| Mixture plaque | 2242 (21.3) | 523 (19.7) | 570 (21.5) | 546 (21.1) | 603 (22.8) | |
Data are presented as median (interquartile) or number (proportion, %)
Q1: TyG index < 8.52, Q2: 8.52 ≤ TyG index < 8.93, Q2: 8.93 ≤ TyG index ≤ 9.40, Q4: TyG index > 9.40
TyG, triglyceride-glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CRP, C-reactionprotein; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; IQR, interquartile range