Table 2.

Actionable Research Recommendations for TBI Phenotyping

Recommendation	Action
1. Establish patient phenotypes by unifying and harmonizing data to understand differences and similarities across populations	• TBI research, diagnosis, management, recovery, and prognosis make use of a broad and often disparate spectrum of measures. Where appropriate, incorporating multiple data types per study can advance our understanding of phenotypes by promoting interdisciplinary perspectives.
2. Develop, validate, and standardize tools and assessments	• When designing new studies, consider analysis pipelines and tools used in earlier phenotyping reports. • Incorporate the use of common data elements to improve collaboration and synthesis of findings. • Renew efforts toward data sharing, consistency, and collaboration to provide common reference points.
3. Develop registries or repositories, democratize data, and prioritize privacy	• Use public data sets to explore and validate methods and outcomes at scale. • Adopt policies for tool sharing, which enables valuable comparisons and validation of phenotypes across studies and data sets. • Adopt policies for knowledge sharing of negative or contradictory results, which will allow the community to identify contexts that confound conventional understanding.
4. Identify and integrate constellations of phenotype data from different modalities	• Efforts to identify phenotypes within and across populations should be driven by the need to target the right participants into the right TBI clinical trials and accelerate treatments into practice.

TBI, traumatic brain injury.