Table 6. Additional characteristics of the protocols of ongoing studies.

NR: not reported; U3: upper canine, LLLT: low-level laser therapy

Study ID	Setting	Orthodontic aspects	Technical aspects of interventions	Notes
CTRI/2018/07/015109	Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, India	Baseline Characteristics: subjects requiring maxillary canine retraction following 1st premolar extraction as a part of their treatment plan. Subjects with permanent dentition. No prior H/o orthodontic treatment	Piezocision: two vertical cuts mesial and distal of the U3, 5-8 mm long, 3mm deep, and sutured if necessary. LLLT: a semiconductor (GaAs) diode with a wavelength of 980 nm, and total energy of 2.5 J, for the 10 points along the root of the maxillary canine	This study is currently in Phase 3. Starting date: 01-08-2018. Completion date: NR
CTRI/2020/04/024453	Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Teerthankar Mahaveer, Moradabad, India	Baseline Characteristics: patients requiring first upper premolars extraction and two-step retraction technique. Complete permanent dentition (except third molars). No previous orthodontic treatment. Healthy patients without systemic diseases that can affect bone and tooth movement. Good oral hygiene and healthy periodontium, which will be evaluated clinically	NR	This study is not yet recruiting. Starting date: 15-04-2020. Completion date: NR