Table 1.

Descriptive characteristics

Variables	BF% < 50th Percentile	BF% > 50th Percentile	P Value	ES
	n = 34	n = 47
Age, yr	65 ± 4	64 ± 4	0.198	0.29
Height, cm	166 ± 4	164 ± 6	0.066	0.42
Body mass, kg	65.7 ± 8.4	78.6 ± 8.4	<0.001	1.51
Body fat, %	37.1 ± 4.8	47.0 ± 2.7	<0.001	2.55
V̇o2max, mL·kg−1·min−1	25.5 ± 4.6	21.0 ± 3.8	<0.001	1.07
Walking HR, beats/min^	98 ± 14	108 ± 13	0.002	0.70
Walking EE, kcal·min−1^	2.4 ± 0.5	2.9 ± 0.6	<0.001	0.84
Resting HR, beats/min	61 ± 6	65 ± 9	0.022	0.55
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg†	127 ± 14	128 ± 16	0.627	0.11
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg†	70 ± 9	70 ± 10	0.963	0.01
Large artery elasticity, mL/mmHg·10†	13.8 ± 4.2	11.8 ± 3.2	0.027	0.53
Small artery elasticity, mL/mmHg·100†	3.3 ± 1.4	4.1 ± 2.0	0.063	0.44
TC, mg/dL	225 ± 34	212 ± 46	0.147	0.33
TG, mg/dL	106 ± 43	120 ± 52	0.201	0.28
HDL-c, mg/dL	72 ± 19	61 ± 18	0.009	0.59
LDL-c, mg/dL	132 ± 30	127 ± 37	0.508	0.15
TG/HDL-c	1.7 ± 1.1	2.3 ± 1.5	0.064	0.42
TC/HDL-c	3.3 ± 1.0	3.7 ± 1.1	0.102	0.37
LDL-c/HDL-c	2.0 ± 0.8	2.3 ± 0.9	0.145	0.33

Values are shown as means and standard deviation. BF, body fat percentage; EE, energy expenditure; EF, effect size as determined by Hedges’ g; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HR, heart rate; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; V̇o_2max, maximal oxygen uptake assessed during a graded exercise test; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides. ^Performed during nongraded walking on a treadmill at 0.89 m/s; †Sample size for 30 and 45 in participants < and > 50^th percentile for body fat percentage, respectively. P values correspond with between-group comparison using an independent samples t test.