Table 2.
Physical properties of copper oxide biocomposite films as food packaging applications in different studies.
| Study | Sample of films (weight %) | Thickness (μm) | Tensile strength (TS) (MPa) | Elongation at break (EB) (%) | Elastic modulus (EM) (GPa) | Young's modulus (YM) (MPa) | TGA | T g (°C) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [142] | Agar-CuONPs | 60.9 ± 2.7 | 38.6 ± 3.0 | 20.3 ± 3.8 | 1.21 ± 0.12 | Not reported | 259°C | Not reported |
| Alginate-CuONPs | 50.7 ± 3.8 | 45.9 ± 6.9 | 18.4 ± 6.4 | 1.34 ± 0.37 | 219°C | |||
| Carrageenan-CuONPs | 52.0 ± 2.7 | 55.5 ± 8.9 | 11.0 ± 2.7 | 1.62 ± 0.23 | 253°C | |||
| Chitosan-CuONPs | 62.1 ± 9.6 | 52.9 ± 4.2 | 21.8 ± 5.8 | 1.77 ± 0.16 | 264°C | |||
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| [159] | Starch | 120 ± 5 μm | 3.67 ± 0.31 | 98.00 ± 2.00 | Not reported | 7.80 ± 1.14 | Not reported | Not reported |
| Starch-Ag | 4.17 ± 0.21 | 42.67 ± 2.52 | 14.05 ± 1.21 | |||||
| Starch-ZnO | 7.50 ± 0.40 | 55.67 ± 2.08 | 25.44 ± 2.01 | |||||
| Starch-CuO | 6.03 ± 0.15 | 65.00 ± 2.00 | 22.82 ± 1.78 | |||||
| Starch-Ag-ZnO-CuO | 4.93 ± 0.23 | 76.67 ± 2.08 | 19.87 ± 1.34 | |||||
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| [160] | Neat PLA | Below 200 μm | 69.28 ± 0.18 | 2.14 ± 0.10 | Not reported | 4048 ± 17 | Not reported | 57.5 |
| PLA/ZnO : Cu/Ag (0%) | 44.81 ± 9.19 | 3.30 ± 0.64 | 2898 ± 149 | 44.0 | ||||
| PLA/ZnO : Cu/Ag (0.5%) | 45.32 ± 7.53 | 2.78 ± 0.23 | 2934 ± 161 | 46.4 | ||||
| PLA/ZnO : Cu/Ag (1%) | 48.39 ± 5.35 | 2.67 ± 0.52 | 3058 ± 72 | 48.5 | ||||
| PLA/ZnO : Cu/Ag (1.5%) | 47.28 ± 2.75 | 2.61 ± 0.27 | 3010 ± 107 | 47.5 | ||||
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| [161] | CuO-cellulose | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 70–150 |
| Chitosan-cellulose | 30.58 | |||||||
| CuO-chitosan-cellulose | 59.77 | |||||||
| CuONPs-chitosan-cellulose | 38.88 | |||||||
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| [162] | Chitosan film | 46 ± 7 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 70–140 |
| CuNPs-chi film | 53 ± 4 | |||||||
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| [149] | Sodium alginate (1%)-CuONPs (1 mM) | ∼58 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Sodium alginate (3%)-CuONPs (1 mM) | ∼62 | |||||||
| Sodium alginate (3%)-CuONPs (5 mM) | ∼67 | |||||||
| CNW (0.5%)-SA (3%)-CuoNPS (5 mM) | ∼71 | |||||||
| Sodium alginate (1%)-CuONPs (1 mM) | ∼58 | |||||||
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| [163] | Kefiran-CMC-CuONPs (0.5%) | 107 ± 6 | 3.62 ± 0.05 | 71.78 ± 1.57 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 25.43 |
| Kefiran-CMC-CuONPs (1%) | 110 ± 10 | 4.12 ± 0.05 | 64.41 ± 2.61 | 44.81 | ||||
| Kefiran-CMC-CuONPs (2%) | 117 ± 6 | 4.48 ± 0.16 | 60.74 ± 0.68 | 83.13 | ||||