. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021 Oct 22;10(3):815–826.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.10.020

Table 3.

Concentrations of plasma metabolites in lean, overweight and obese children. Data are shown as the mean ± standard error of the mean.

Metabolite	Lean N=163	Overweight N=61	Obese N=75
Branched chain amino acids
Isoleucine	29.2 ± 2.13	40.2 ± 3.62^*	43.0 ± 2.87^*

Tyrosine synthesis and metabolism
Phenylalanine	45.8 ± 1.92	51.4 ± 2.35	55.9 ± 3.24^*
3-hydroxytyrosine (L-DOPA)	2.84 ± 0.32	3.65 ± 0.83	5.62 ± 0.85^*^{^}

Benzoic acids
4-aminobenzoic acid	36.9 ± 0.93	39.4 ± 1.26^*	44.3 ± 1.36^*^{^}

Collagen-derived oligopeptides
Prolyl-hydroxyproline	1.97 ± 0.12	1.76 ± 0.15	1.33 ± 0.10^*

Glutathione synthesis/ metabolism
Cystine	2.99 ± 0.34	3.80 ± 0.84	5.80 ± 0.90^*^{^}
Glutamine	1123 ± 79.5	925.2 ± 101.2	788.4 ± 42.0^*
Glycine	3683 ± 273.6	2623 ± 340.7	2419 ± 271.6^*
Pyroglutamic acid (oxoproline)	2406 ± 239.4	1576 ± 266.7	1404 ± 164.2^*

Bonferroni-corrected p<0.05 vs. lean

^{^}

p<0.05 vs. overweight