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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2021 Sep 27;91(7):615–625. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.09.016

Table 1.

Socio-demographic, military service, lifestyle, and cardiovascular disease risk factors at Visit 2, by lifetime PTSD status assessed longitudinally.

No PTSD
N =212
Late-Onset PTSD
N =34
Longstanding PTSD
N=29
Sociodemographic Factors
 Age, yrs, mean (SD) 68 (3) 68 (2) 68 (1)
 Non-white, % 3.3 6.1 0
 Married, % 80 67 55
 Years of education, mean (SD) 14 (2) 13 (2) 13 (2)
 Employed full time, % 24 15 17
 Service in Southeast Asia, % 36 62 86
Lifestyle Factors
 Cigarette Smoking, %
  Never 39 23 34
  Former 47 62 48
  Current 15 15 17
 Physical Activity (Baecke Score) 7.9 (1.4) 7.7 (1.5) 8.5 (1.1)
 Number of alcoholic drinks in average week in past 30 days, mean (SD) 5.1 (10.0) 9.5 (26.5) 6.9 (11.7)
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Medical History
 History diabetes, % 23 35 10
 History of hyperlipidemia, % 62 59 62
 BMI, mean (SD) 29 (4) 31 (5) 29 (4)
 History of hypertension, % 57 73 59
 History of coronary heart disease, % 12 18 14
 Chest pain in past 4 weeks, % 17 23 28
Other Psychiatric Diagnoses (Lifetime)
 Major Depression, % 13 38 69
 Alcohol Abuse (with or without dependence), % 17 35 48
 Drug Abuse (with or without dependence), % 8 18 24
Current Medications
 Aspirin, % 49 38 14
 Statins, % 53 47 35
 Beta-blockers, % 26 32 7
 ACE Inhibitors, % 27 32 17
 Antidepressants, % 9 35 52

All data are percentages unless otherwise indicated.

Abbreviations: PTSD: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme.