Figure 2: Representation of the tested ER stress interventions that exerts a protective effect on ischemic damage during diabetes:
Treatment with chemical chaperones like sodium phenylbutyrate and tauroursodeoxycholic acid and modulators of ER stress like DA3-CH (glucagon-like peptide-1/ glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide dual agonist), diallyl trisulfide, and monosialotetrahexosy-1 ganglioside (GM1) decreases diabetic exacerbation of ischemic injury. CHOP: C/EBP homologous protein; ROS: Reactive oxygen species.