Table 3.

Effects of the implemented air pollution control measures in India

Source	Area of interest	Conclusions
IEA (2021)	India	By 2040 SO2, NOX and PM2.5 concentrations can be brought down significantly if there is full implementation of control measures even when the captive power sectors operate on coal at the 2019 levels. If one third of the captive power is provided by the solar PV in 2040 NOX and PM2.5 will see another half in reduction. However, if the emission control measures are not successfully implemented all the air pollutants level may double and SO2 emission may rise above 1.5 Mt by 2040. NOX emissions related to transportation may peak in 2025 and then may decline by 60% in 2040, if strict fuel and vehicle standard along with will emission control measures are implemented
Pandey et al. (2021)	India	Death rate in India due to indoor pollution reduced by 64.2% in two decades (1990–2019), however, the deaths due to particulate matter rose by 115% and due to ozone rose by 139.2%. The associated loss was around 28.8 billion USD
Dholakia et al. (2013)	Delhi	Greenhouse Gases and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) model was used to analyze the future effects of the air pollution curbing measures. The then policies will be able to decrease PM2.5 concentrations but still will not be able to attain the standards set by NAAQS (40 mg/m3) by 2030