| 1 Low birthweight (less than 2500 g) (ALL) |
2 |
1311 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.07 [0.31, 3.74] |
| 2 Birthweight (ALL) |
2 |
1365 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
57.73 [7.66, 107.79] |
| 3 Preterm birth (less than 37 weeks of gestation) (ALL) |
3 |
1497 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.55 [0.40, 6.00] |
| 4 Preterm birth (less than 37 weeks of gestation): SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by gestational age at the start of supplementation |
3 |
1410 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.55 [0.40, 6.00] |
| 4.1 Early gestational age (less than 20 weeks of gestation or pre‐pregnancy) at start of supplementation |
2 |
1366 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.55 [0.40, 6.00] |
| 4.2 Late gestational age (20 weeks or more of gestation) at start of supplementation |
0 |
0 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4.3 Unspecified or mixed gestational age at start of supplementation |
1 |
44 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 5 Preterm birth (less than 37 weeks of gestation): SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by anaemia status at the start of supplementation |
3 |
1497 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.55 [0.40, 6.00] |
| 5.1 Anaemic at start of supplementation |
0 |
0 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 5.2 Non‐anaemic at start of supplementation |
0 |
0 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 5.3 Unspecified or mixed anaemic status at start of supplementation |
3 |
1497 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.55 [0.40, 6.00] |
| 6 Preterm birth (less than 37 weeks of gestation): SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by dose of iron |
3 |
1497 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.55 [0.40, 6.00] |
| 6.1 Low daily dose (30 mg elemental iron or less) |
1 |
131 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.2 Medium daily dose (31 to 59 mg elemental iron) |
0 |
0 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.3 Higher daily dose (60 mg elemental iron and above) |
2 |
1366 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.55 [0.40, 6.00] |
| 7 Preterm birth (less than 37 weeks of gestation): SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by malarial status of setting |
3 |
1497 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.55 [0.40, 6.00] |
| 7.1 Malarial setting |
2 |
1449 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.13 [0.92, 1.39] |
| 7.2 Non‐malarial setting |
1 |
48 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
7.00 [0.38, 128.61] |
| 8 Neonatal death (within 28 days after delivery) (ALL) |
3 |
1793 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.81 [0.51, 1.30] |
| 9 Neonatal death (within 28 days after delivery): SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by gestational age at start of supplementation |
3 |
1793 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.81 [0.51, 1.30] |
| 9.1 Early gestational age (less than 20 weeks of gestation or pre‐pregnancy) at start of supplementation |
3 |
1793 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.81 [0.51, 1.30] |
| 9.2 Late gestational age (20 weeks or more of gestation) at start of supplementation |
0 |
0 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 9.3 Unspecified or mixed gestational age at start of supplementation |
0 |
0 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 10 Neonatal death (within 28 days after delivery): SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by anaemia status at start of supplementation |
3 |
1793 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.81 [0.51, 1.30] |
| 10.1 Anaemic at start of supplementation |
0 |
0 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 10.2 Non‐anaemic at start of supplementation |
1 |
97 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
2.5 [0.10, 59.88] |
| 10.3 Unspecified or mixed anaemic status at start of supplementation |
2 |
1696 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.79 [0.49, 1.27] |
| 11 Neonatal death (within 28 days after delivery): SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by dose of iron |
3 |
1793 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.81 [0.51, 1.30] |
| 11.1 Low daily dose (30 mg elemental iron or less) |
0 |
0 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 11.2 Medium daily dose (31 to 59 mg elemental iron) |
0 |
0 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 11.3 Higher daily dose (60 mg elemental iron and above) |
3 |
1793 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.81 [0.51, 1.30] |
| 12 Neonatal death (within 28 days after delivery): SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by malarial status of setting |
3 |
1793 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.81 [0.51, 1.30] |
| 12.1 Malarial setting |
1 |
1648 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.79 [0.49, 1.27] |
| 12.2 Non‐malarial setting |
2 |
145 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
2.5 [0.10, 59.88] |
| 13 Congenital anomalies (ALL) |
1 |
1652 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.70 [0.35, 1.40] |
| 14 Maternal anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/L at 37 weeks' gestation or more) (ALL) |
3 |
346 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.34 [0.21, 0.54] |
| 15 Maternal anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/L at 37 weeks' gestation or more): SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by gestational age at the start of supplementation |
3 |
346 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.34 [0.21, 0.54] |
| 15.1 Early gestational age (less than 20 weeks of gestation or pre‐pregnancy) at start of supplementation |
1 |
97 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 15.2 Late gestational age (20 weeks or more of gestation) at start of supplementation |
2 |
249 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.34 [0.21, 0.54] |
| 15.3 Unspecified or mixed gestational age at start of supplementation |
0 |
0 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 16 Maternal anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/L at 37 weeks' gestation or more): SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by anaemia status at the start of supplementation |
3 |
346 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.34 [0.21, 0.54] |
| 16.1 Anaemic at start of supplementation |
0 |
0 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 16.2 Non‐anaemic at start of supplementation |
2 |
280 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.24 [0.09, 0.68] |
| 16.3 Unspecified or mixed anaemic status at start of supplementation |
1 |
66 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.37 [0.22, 0.62] |
| 17 Maternal anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/Lat 37 weeks' gestation or more): SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by dose of iron |
3 |
346 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.34 [0.21, 0.54] |
| 17.1 Low daily dose (30 mg elemental iron or less) |
0 |
0 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 17.2 Medium daily dose (31 to 59 mg elemental iron) |
0 |
0 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 17.3 Higher daily dose (60 mg elemental iron and above) |
3 |
346 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.34 [0.21, 0.54] |
| 18 Maternal anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/L at 37 weeks' gestation or more): SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by malarial status of setting |
3 |
346 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.34 [0.21, 0.54] |
| 18.1 Malarial setting |
1 |
66 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.37 [0.22, 0.62] |
| 18.2 Non‐malarial setting |
2 |
280 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.24 [0.09, 0.68] |
| 19 Maternal iron deficiency at term (as defined by trialists, based on any indicator of iron status at 37 weeks' gestation or more) (ALL) |
1 |
131 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.24 [0.06, 0.99] |
| 20 Maternal iron‐deficiency anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/L and at least one additional laboratory indicators at 37 weeks' gestation or more) (ALL) |
1 |
131 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.43 [0.17, 1.09] |
| 21 Maternal death (death while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy) (ALL) |
1 |
131 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 22 Side effects (any reported throughout the intervention period) (ALL) |
1 |
456 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
44.32 [2.77, 709.09] |
| 23 Maternal severe anaemia at any time during second and third trimester (Hb less than 70 g/L) (ALL) |
4 |
506 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.12 [0.02, 0.63] |
| 24 Maternal clinical malaria |
0 |
0 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 25 Infection during pregnancy (including urinary tract infections) (ALL) |
1 |
48 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.0 [0.15, 6.53] |
| 26 Very low birthweight (less than 1500 g) (ALL) |
1 |
48 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
5.0 [0.25, 98.96] |
| 27 Very premature birth (less than 34 weeks' gestation) (ALL) |
2 |
92 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
5.0 [0.25, 98.96] |
| 28 Infant Hb concentration in the first 6 months (in g/L, counting the last reported measure after birth within this period) (ALL) |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 29 Infant serum ferritin concentration in the first 6 months (in μg/L, counting the last reported measure after birth within this period) (ALL) |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 30 Admission to special care unit (ALL) |
1 |
48 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 31 Maternal anaemia at or near term (Hb less than 110 g/L at 34 weeks' gestation or more) (ALL) |
3 |
346 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.34 [0.21, 0.54] |
| 32 Maternal iron deficiency at or near term (as defined by trialists, based on any indicator of iron status at 34 weeks' gestation or more) (ALL) |
1 |
131 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.24 [0.06, 0.99] |
| 33 Maternal iron‐deficiency anaemia at or near term (Hb less than 110 g/L and at least one additional laboratory indicators at 34 weeks' gestation or more) (ALL) |
1 |
131 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.43 [0.17, 1.09] |
| 34 Maternal Hb concentration at term or near term (in g/L, at 34 weeks' gestation or more) (ALL) |
3 |
140 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
16.13 [12.74, 19.52] |
| 35 Maternal Hb concentration within 6 wk postpartum (g/L) (ALL) |
2 |
459 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
10.07 [7.33, 12.81] |
| 36 Maternal high haemoglobin concentrations during second or third trimester (Hb more than 130 g/L) (ALL) |
2 |
446 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.78 [0.63, 5.04] |
| 37 Maternal high haemoglobin concentrations at or near term (Hb more than 130 g/L at 34 weeks' gestation or more) (ALL) |
2 |
314 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
4.37 [0.58, 32.71] |
| 38 Moderate anaemia at postpartum (Hb more than 80 g/L and less than 110 g/L) (ALL) |
2 |
458 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.34 [0.17, 0.69] |
| 39 Maternal severe anaemia at term or near (Hb less than 70 g/L at 34 weeks' gestation or more) (ALL) |
3 |
191 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.14 [0.01, 2.63] |
| 40 Severe anaemia at postpartum (Hb less than 80 g/L) (ALL) |
3 |
491 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.05 [0.00, 0.76] |
| 41 Puerperal infection (ALL) |
1 |
2863 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.55 [0.13, 2.28] |
| 42 Antepartum haemorrhage (ALL) |
2 |
145 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.25 [0.22, 7.12] |
| 43 Postpartum haemorrhage (ALL) |
0 |
0 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 44 Placental abruption (ALL) |
1 |
2863 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
8.19 [0.49, 138.16] |
| 45 Pre‐eclampsia (ALL) |
1 |
48 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
3.0 [0.13, 70.16] |
