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. 2022 Jan 17;39(3):1279–1292. doi: 10.1007/s12325-021-02037-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Markov model of patients with chronic kidney disease. CKD 1 chronic kidney disease stage 1, CKD 2 chronic kidney disease stage 2, CKD 3a chronic kidney disease stage 3a, CKD 3b chronic kidney disease stage 3b, CKD 4 chronic kidney disease stage 4, CKD 5 chronic kidney disease stage 5, ESRD end stage renal disease