Clinical evidence from RCT confirms the benefit of dapagliflozin in CKD patients. Cost is a major concern, especially for middle- or low-income countries.

The findings of the cost–utility study reveals that the benefit accrued from add-on dapagliflozin can offset its acquisition cost.

SGLT-2 inhibitor should be considered as the treatment for T2DM with CKD patients as the guideline recommendation. The data also support SGLT-2 inhibitor as a potential option for CKD patients without T2DM.