Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the overall study population and according to presence or absence of measures of early rapid eGFR loss during DCCT
| Mean (SD) | Mean value by early rapid eGFR loss (eGFR annual decline ≥3%) | Early rapid eGFR Loss | Closeout eGFR* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factor | Overall (N = 1,435) | Present (n = 149) | Absent (n = 1,286) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P value | Estimate (SE) | P value |
| DCCT baseline age (years) | 26.8 (7.1) | 26.5 (7.8) | 26.8 (7.0) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.02) | 0.6407 | −0.9072 (0.04352) | <0.0001 |
| DCCT closeout age (years) | 33.0 (7.0) | 32.0 (7.6) | 33.1 (6.9) | 0.98 (0.95, 1.00) | 0.0658 | −0.9488 (0.0438) | <0.0001 |
| Male (vs. female) (%) | 52.7 | 50.3 | 53.0 | 0.90 (0.64, 1.26) | 0.5326 | −0.0799 (0.7075) | 0.9100 |
| DCCT baseline BMI (kg/m2) | 23.5 (2.8) | 23.5 (2.8) | 23.4 (2.8) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) | 0.6981 | −0.4474 (0.1263) | 0.0004 |
| DCCT closeout BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 (3.8) | 25.6 (3.7) | 25.9 (3.8) | 0.98 (0.94, 1.03) | 0.4828 | −0.1912 (0.0935) | 0.0411 |
| DCCT baseline T1D duration (years) | 5.8 (4.1) | 5.0 (3.9) | 5.9 (4.2) | 0.94 (0.90, 0.99) | 0.0099 | −0.2522 (0.0851) | 0.0031 |
| DCCT closeout T1D duration (years) | 12.0 (4.8) | 10.4 (4.6) | 12.2 (4.8) | 0.92 (0.88, 0.96) | <0.0001 | −0.2152 (0.0729) | 0.0032 |
| Intensive (vs. conventional) (%) | 49.3 | 51.7 | 49.1 | 1.11 (0.79, 1.56) | 0.5463 | −1.9178 (0.7047) | 0.0066 |
| Cohort (primary vs. secondary) (%) | 50.4 | 61.1 | 49.1 | 1.62 (1.15, 2.30) | 0.0062 | 1.9767 (0.7045) | 0.0051 |
| DCCT closeout mean HbA1c (%) | 8.2 (1.4) | 8.4 (1.5) | 8.2 (1.4) | 1.11 (0.99, 1.25) | 0.0690 | 1.3351 (0.2418) | <0.0001 |
| DCCT baseline AER (mg/dL) | 15.9 (18.6) | 15.7 (19.4) | 15.9 (18.5) | 0.94 (0.75, 1.16) | 0.5462 | 1.0998 (0.4479) | 0.0142 |
| DCCT baseline microalbuminuria* (Y/N) (%) | 10.9 | 11.4 | 10.8 | 1.06 (0.62, 1.81) | 0.8236 | 0.8418 (1.1327) | 0.4575 |
| DCCT mean AER (mg/dL) | 33.3 (145.6) | 102.5 (388.2) | 25.2 (75.3) | 1.39 (1.18, 1.62) | <0.0001 | −0.0121 (0.4037) | 0.9761 |
| DCCT closeout AER (mg/dL) | 52.5 (341.0) | 202.1 (903.6) | 35.1 (181.3) | 1.22 (1.07, 1.38) | 0.0030 | 0.0875 (0.3080) | 0.7761 |
| DCCT closeout microalbuminuria (Y/N) | |||||||
| At closeout (%) | 14.1 | 19.4 | 13.5 | 1.54 (1.00, 2.39) | 0.0507 | 1.0505 (1.0102) | 0.2986 |
| Ever in DCCT (%) | 34.9 | 36.9 | 34.2 | 1.13 (0.79, 1.60) | 0.5121 | 2.9102 (0.7389) | <0.0001 |
| DCCT baseline eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 126.2 (14.2) | 124.5 (15.6) | 126.3 (14.1) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.1257 | 0.4901 (0.0213) | <0.0001 |
| DCCT closeout eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 117.0 (13.4) | 101.9 (17.9) | 118.8 (11.6) | 0.91 (0.89, 0.92) | <0.0001 | — | — |
| Mean eGFR slope (mL/min/1.73 m2 per year) | −1.24 (2.54) | −5.90 (3.18) | −0.71 (1.80) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.04) | <0.0001 | 2.1476 (0.1271) | <0.0001 |
| Mean eGFR slope (% per year) | −1.04 (2.33) | −5.26 (3.34) | −0.55 (1.57) | — | — | 2.6487 (0.1349) | <0.0001 |
The data are presented as mean (SD) unless indicated otherwise. The bold values are statistically significant.
*
Odds ratios and P values for 3% annual decline are obtained using logistic models. The β estimates and P values for quantitative decline and closeout eGFR are obtained from linear regression models.
The distribution of AER is highly skewed, and the odds ratios and estimates are reported per unit increase in log AER (i.e., per 2.72-fold change in AER).